〖FUNDAY文法急診室〗解決垂懸修飾語
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What is dangling modifier?
什麼是垂懸修飾語?
這個問題的成因就是修飾語所要修飾的對象不明確,而造成句意邏輯不通、前後不一致的語法結構,有時候會造成對於句子或是前後文理解上的障礙。
以下就來看看幾種類型:
✦ 最常見的類型為該修飾對象根本不見,這樣的修飾語通常會包含動詞:
例句:Turning to the right, our school is right next to the fire station. - 向右轉,我們的學校就在消防局正旁邊。
☞ 這個向右轉的動作,應該屬於人的動作,但後方主要子句的主詞卻是不可能向右轉的「學校」。
例句:While waiting at the bus station, the bus schedule has been changed. - 在巴士站等公車時,時刻表被換了一張。
☞ 也是一樣的問題,沒有講出是誰在等公車,而等公車的動作也不可能是後方的主詞所執行。。
例句:Being given a car by my father, it now needs washing. - 爸爸把一輛車送給我,現在需要好好洗一洗。
☞ 後面的it指的應該是修飾語中的車,但修飾語的主詞應該是說話者。
例句:At the age of seven, my family moved to the other country. - 七歲的時候,我們全家搬去了另一個國家。
☞ 究竟是誰七歲的時候搬了家,應該是說這句話的人,但後面的主詞卻變成我們家,這樣理解上就會變成「我們家七歲的時候……」,造成混淆。
✦ 垂懸修飾語有時會出現在句尾:
例句:The date turned out to be a total bummer, finding out that the guy was actually twenty years older than me. - 這約會真是太掃興了,發現那個對象其實比我大二十歲。
☞ 即使出現在句尾,主詞不一致的狀況也是一樣,造成前後理解邏輯上的紊亂。
✦ 修飾語缺失主詞的情況,就會變成懸在那裡,因此稱為垂懸修飾語。
“解決垂懸修飾語的方法”
一、把消失的主詞加上去,完整句子的邏輯。
二、加上能夠真正完整語意的輔助詞彙。
三、直接將兩句整併成語意完整一句話。
接著我們就拿上述範例來修正:
● 例句:Turning to the right, our school is right next to the fire station. - 如果你向右轉,就會看到我們的學校就在消防局正旁邊。
要加上能完整前面動作的主詞 ☞ Turning to the right, you’ll see that our school is right next to the fire station.
或可以進一步還原成 If you turn to the right, you’ll see that… 來完整語意。
● 例句:While waiting at the bus station, the bus schedule has been changed. - 我在巴士站等公車時,時刻表被換了一張。
一樣是加上完整前面動作的主詞 ☞ While I’m waiting at the bus station, the bus schedule is changed.
● 例句:Being given a car by my father, it now needs washing. - 我現在需要洗這台爸爸送我的車。
直接將原本前句的主詞加上,並將原句後面的 it 變成受詞 ☞ I, being given a car by my father, now needs to wash it.
● 例句:At the age of seven, my family moved to another country. - 我們家在我七歲時就搬去了另一個國家。
直接整併成一句話並將遺失的主詞加上 ☞ My family moved to another country when I was at the age of seven.
● 例句:The date turned out to be a total bummer, finding out that the guy was actually twenty years older than me. - 這約會真是太掃興了因為我發現那個對象其實比我大二十歲。
加上完整因果關係的because,並補上主詞 ☞ The date turned out to be a total bummer because I found out that the guy was actually twenty years older than me.
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日後大家在寫作時,一定要注意前後句子的邏輯連貫性以及當中被修飾的主詞,並重新審視句子所要表達的意思,好避免垂懸修飾語的狀況發生,不可以讓修飾語孤零零的懸而未決喲,那最後也給大家一些練習,來看看大家會怎麼改。
● 例句:After playing the ping pong, the ping pong ball was dented.
☞ After playing the ping pong, we dented the ping pong ball.
打完乒乓球後,我們把乒乓球給打凹了。
● 例句:The commercial was a disaster, not having conducted a full marketing research on our target audience.
☞ We made an unsuccessful commercial, not having conducted full marketing research on our target audience.
在沒有對目標族群進行全面的行銷調查情況下,我們做了一個相當失敗的廣告。
● 例句:Without meeting him in person, it is hard to imagine how good-looking he is.
☞ It is hard to imagine how good-looking he is since I haven’t met him in person.
很難想像他長得到底多好看,因為我還沒有親自見過他本人。
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