聖誕蛋糕的轉變
Traditionally, western families eat rich fruitcakes on Christmas.
傳統上，西方家庭會在聖誕節吃濃郁的水果蛋糕。
western (adj.)西方的eastern (adj.)東方的oriental (adj.)東方的rich (adj.)濃郁的rich flavor濃郁的味道
The tradition of having a fruitcake on Christmas goes way back in history.
在聖誕節吃水果蛋糕的傳統歷史悠久。
tradition (n.)傳統custom (n.)習俗practice (n.)習俗go way back in history 存在已久,歷史悠久
The cake was originally called Twelfth Cake, which was meant to be eaten on Twelfth Night ending the 12 Days of Christmas on January 5.
這種蛋糕本來在英文裡稱為Twelfth Cake，它是要在第十二夜享用的，並在一月五日結束為期十二天的聖誕節。
originally (adv.)起初,原來mean to V 打算
However, the significance of the 12 Days of Christmas gradually decreased during the Industrial Revolution as people often had to return to work directly after Christmas Day.
然而，十二天聖誕節的重要性在工業大革命期間逐漸降低，因為人們常常在聖誕節之後就要直接上工。
significance=importance (n.)重要性decrease (v.)降低=diminish=reduce=declineincrease (v.)增加Industrial Revolution 工業革命as (conj.)因為=because
As a result, the big celebrations were moved to Christmas rather than Twelfth Night, and people began calling the cake Christmas Cake.
因此，盛大的慶祝活動便從第十二夜移到了聖誕節，人們也開始叫這種蛋糕聖誕蛋糕。
as a result=therefore 因此A rather than B A而不是Bbegin + to Vbegin + V-ing
In the old days, people used to put a bean or pea into the fruit cakes when they were still Twelfth Cakes. Whoever found the bean or pea became the King or Queen of the Twelfth Night Party.
在以前，在水果蛋糕還被稱為Twelfth Cake的時候人們會放一顆豆子或碗豆在裡面。誰在裡面找到那顆豆子或碗豆就可以當第十二夜晚會的國王或皇后。
bean (n.)豆子spill the beans 洩密pea (n.)豌豆mung bean 綠豆soy bean 黃豆adzuki bean 紅豆whoever=anyone who 任何人
As time went by, this practice of hiding tokens in a cake was transferred to Christmas Pudding.
隨著時間的流逝，這種在蛋糕中放物品的習俗就轉移到聖誕布丁。
as time goes by 隨著時間流逝token (n.)象徵,標誌transfer (v.)轉移
And Christmas Cakes subsequently became a more sophisticated dish which made its way onto the tables of middle- and upper-class Victorians.
聖誕蛋糕也隨後變成更一道較精緻的點心，並出現在中產階級和上層階級維多利亞人的餐桌上。
subsequently (adv.)隨後sophisticated (adj.)精緻的make one’s way 到達某處middle-class 中產階級upper-class 上層階級Victorian Era 維多利亞時期
Even Queen Victoria had been seen enjoying a plate of Christmas Cake lavished with royal icing.
連維多利亞女王都曾被看過享用著一盤覆滿蛋白糖霜的聖誕蛋糕。
感官動詞see的被動語態(1)受詞是主動的話: be seen Ving或是be seen to V(2)受詞是被動的話: be seen p.p.lavish (v.)揮霍royal (adj.)王室的loyal (adj.)忠誠的