中美兩大國舉債飆升
Global debt hit a record high above $250 trillion in the first half of this year, led by a surge in borrowings in the U.S. and China, according to the Institute of International Finance (IIF).
國際金融協會（IIF）指出，今年上半年全球債務創紀錄高點，超過250兆美元，因為美國和中國兩大經濟體舉債飆升所致。
Institute of International Finance 國際金融協會finance(n.)財政;金融(v.)向…提供資金hit a record high 創紀錄高點a surge in borrowings 借貸飆升
Worldwide debt surged by $7.5 trillion in the first six months of 2019, the IIF said in a report. It predicted that the overall number will surpass $255 trillion by the end of the year.
國際金融協會報告指出，2019年上半年全球債務暴增7.5兆美元。該協會預估，到今年底，債務總額可能突破255兆美元。
surge(v.)激增=spikesurpass(v.)超越、勝過
China and the U.S. accounted for over 60% of the increase, the report found. Meanwhile, emerging market debt also hit a new record high of $71.4 trillion.
報告指出，中國和美國佔新增債務60％以上。同時，新興市場債務總額也達到新高紀錄，為71.4兆美元。
account for佔…比例
Borrowing by governments, households and non-financial business now accounts for more than 240% of the global GDP.
政府、家庭和非金融企業的貸款現在佔全球GDP的240％以上。
The IIF warned that global debt is growing faster than the global economy.
國際金融協會警告，全球債務增加的速度比全球經濟成長更快。
Extended low interest rates and easy money have facilitated the accumulation of a crushing burden of debt over the last decade.
利率持續下滑和資金寬鬆促使過去10年來累積沉重的債務負擔。
extended low interest rates 利率持續下滑facilitate(v.)促進、促使crushing(adj.)嚴重的=severe
In developed countries, governments are mostly responsible for the bulk of borrowing, while in emerging markets, companies have taken the lead, but more than half of corporate debt in those countries is likely held by state-owned businesses.
在已開發國家中，政府是造成大部分債務增加的主要因素，而在新興市場方面，則是企業債務佔大部分，但是這些國家有一半以上的公司債務可能是在國營企業身上。
responsible for 為…負責，造成…原因bulk 體積很大的東西the bulk of something 大部分the bulk of borrowing 大部分的借貸take the lead 帶頭，領先，佔主要地位
The report highlighted limits and risks attached to debt-fueled economic growth. Emerging markets that have increasingly relied on foreign-currency borrowing—including Turkey, Mexico and Chile—may be exposed to risks if growth slows further.
這份報告強調舉債推動經濟成長所遭受到的局限和風險。逐漸依賴外債的新興市場，包括土耳其、墨西哥、智利，如果經濟成長進一步趨緩，可能面臨風險。
attached to附在…上面；與…相關的fuel(n.)燃料(v.)促使，促成debt-fueled economic growth 舉債推動經濟成長be exposed to…暴露於…之下
The primary reason for the rise in debt levels has been the deepening of global bond markets, which increased from $87 trillion in 2009 to over $115 trillion in mid-2019.
債務水平上升的主要原因是全球債券市場規模變大，全球債市在2009年的規模為87兆美元，到2019年中擴增到115兆美元。
primary(adj.)主要的=main
The growth has mostly been seen in the government bond market. Government bonds now make up 47% of global bond markets compared to 40% in 2009.
債市規模成長主要是出現在政府債券市場上，目前政府公債佔全球債市的比重為47％，反觀2009年時為40％。