世界銀行的警告
The Israel-Hamas war is currently being fought in and around Gaza.
以色列—哈馬斯戰爭目前正在加薩及其周邊地區進行。
fight-fought-fought打鬥、打仗
However, the World Bank has warned that further escalation of this conflict could cause the world’s oil prices to surge past July 2008’s record high price of $147.50 per barrel.
然而，世界銀行警告警告，這場衝突的進一步升級可能導致世界石油價格飆升，超過2008年7月每桶147.50美元的歷史最高價。
escalation(n.)升級escalate(v.)(使)加劇;(使)惡化surge(v.)陡增、遽增、急遽上升barrel(n.)(一)桶
According to the World Bank, there are “three risk scenarios estimating the varying degrees” to which global oil supplies could be disrupted by a larger-scale conflict.
世界銀行表示，全球石油供應可能因更大規模的衝突而受到干擾，存在「三種不同程度的風險情境」。
scenario(n.)可能發生的事態;設想;場景worst-case scenario最壞的可能;最糟的情況a nightmare scenario夢魘般的場景estimate(v.)估計disrupt(v.)中斷
The least severe is a “small disruption” that would reduce oil production by between 500,000 and 2 million barrels per day.
最不嚴重的是「小規模中斷」，石油產量每天會減少50萬至200萬桶。
severe(adj.)非常嚴重的、劇烈的、慘重的
This would be similar to what occurred during the Libyan civil war in 2011.
這與2011年利比亞內戰期間發生的情況類似。
occur(v.)發生=take place=happen
Meanwhile, a “medium disruption” could lower oil production by between three million to five million barrels per day, driving oil prices up to levels equivalent to those “reached during the Iraq war in 2003” — $109 to $121 per barrel.
同時，「中度破壞」可能會使石油每天產量減少300萬至500萬桶，使油價上漲到相當於「2003年伊拉克戰爭期間達到的水準」—每桶109美元至121美元。
drive up提升、升高equivalent to等同於、相當於
According to the World Bank, a “large disruption” is defined as a significant drop in oil production, ranging from six million to eight million barrels per day.
根據世界銀行的定義，「大規模中斷」是指石油產量大幅下降，每天產量減少600萬桶至800萬桶。
be defined as~被定義為～significant(adj.)大幅度的plunge(n.)驟降=plummetranging from...to...範圍從...到...
Such an event could trigger an initial price surge of 56% to 75%, potentially pushing per-barrel prices to an unprecedented $157.
此類事件可能會引發56%至75%的初始價格飆升，有可能將每桶價格推至前所未有的157美元。
trigger(v.)觸動;引起=trigger off=set offinitial(adj.)初始的;一開始的prompt(v.)促使unprecedented(adj.)史無前例的、空前的、絕無僅有的precedent(n.)先例set a precedent創先例
The last time we witnessed such a massive disruption was in 1973 when oil-producing Arab countries imposed an oil export embargo as a response to the United States’ support of Israel.
上一次我們目睹如此大規模的中斷是在1973年，當時阿拉伯產油國實施了石油出口禁運，作為對美國支持以色列的回應。
witness(v.)目睹massive(adj.)巨大的;嚴重的impose(v.)強加、實施impose a ban實施禁令embargo(n.)禁運
While neither Israel nor Gaza are large oil-producing areas, a wider-spread war in the region could add to the global energy shortage already being caused by the Russo-Ukrainian War.
雖然以色列和加薩都不是大型石油產區，但該地區更廣泛的戰爭可能會加劇俄烏克蘭戰爭已經造成的全球能源短缺。
shortage(n.)短缺
If the Israel-Hamas war does not escalate though, the World Bank estimates that oil prices will fall from their expected 2023 fourth quarter average of $90 per barrel to $81 per barrel in 2024.
不過，如果以哈戰爭沒有升級，世界銀行估計，油價將從2023年第四季的平均每桶90美元降至2024年的每桶81美元。
average(n.)平均on average平均而言