日本海底火山爆發
An underwater volcanic eruption that started on October 21 off the Japanese island of Ioto has provided scientists with a rare look at the birth of a new island.
10月21日，日本硫磺島外海發生海底火山爆發，讓科學家們看到了一座新島嶼誕生的罕見景象。
off the coast of…在…的外海provide sb. with sth.提供某人某物rare(adj.)罕見的birth(n.)誕生，give birth to(phr.)生下
By early November, this new island had grown to nearly 100 meters across and around 20 meters above sea level at its highest point.
截至11月初，這座新島已經長到近100米寬，最高點海拔約20米。
above sea level(phr.)在海平面之上
According to Japanese volcano experts, it took around 10 days for the island to be seen above water.
日本火山專家表示，大約花了十天的時間這座島才浮現水面。
expertise(n.)專業知識，expert(n.)專家(adj.)專家的，expert advice專家的建議emerge from the water浮出水面
During this time, ash and rocks from the volcanic eruption piled up underwater to form the island.
在這段時間內，火山爆發產生的火山灰和岩石在海底下堆積，形成了這座島嶼。
ash(n.)灰燼rock(n.)岩石on the rocks(關係、生意)陷入困境、瀕臨崩潰vodka on the rocks伏特加加冰塊pile up累積、堆疊pile sth. on體重增加、誇大其辭
Although the area has experienced volcanic eruptions over the past few years, it is not common for new islands to be formed.
雖然該地區在過去幾年來經歷過火山爆發，但形成新島嶼的情況並不常見。
course(n.)期間、過程common(adj.)常見的，uncommon(adj.)不常見的come into existence形成、產生
In fact, since 1900, new islands have only been seen four other times off Japan — in 1904, 1914, 1986 and 2013.
事實上，自1900年以來，在日本外海僅有四次觀察到新島嶼的形成，分別發生在1904年、1914年、1986年和2013年。
However, these islands all disappeared after the volcanic eruptions stopped.
不過，這些島嶼在火山爆發停止後都消失了。
disappear(v.)消失，disappear into thin air消失於無形中come to a stop停止
Experts will test the rocks on the new island to see if they are strong enough for the island to last.
專家們將對新島嶼上的岩石進行檢測，看看它們是否夠堅固，可讓島嶼繼續存在。
put sth. to the test使…接受考驗last(v.)持續
If not, they believe this new island might also disappear soon after the volcanic eruption ends.
他們認為，如果不夠堅固，這座新島嶼也可能在火山爆發結束後不久消失。