失業率上升
David Card, the winner of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Economics for his studies into the labor market, believes it is inevitable that the US economy will enter a recession.
憑著對勞動市場的研究獲得2021年諾貝爾經濟學獎的得主戴維·卡德認為，美國經濟將無可避免地進入衰退期。
labor market勞動市場child labor童工labor shortage勞動力短缺inevitable(adj.)不可避免的
In Card’s view, due to the tight monetary policy undertaken by the Federal Reserve to combat inflation, the interest hike is likely to cause a slowdown in economic activity.
卡德的觀點是，由於聯準會實施緊縮貨幣政策以對抗通貨膨脹，升息將導致經濟活動放緩。
monetary penalty罰金、罰鍰tight monetary policy緊縮貨幣政策loose monetary policy寬鬆貨幣政策inflation(n.)通貨膨脹deflation(n.)通貨緊縮slowdown(n.)緩慢
The unemployment rate will be driven up as a consequence of the rise in interest rates, and it may take five to ten years to recover the losses in the labor market.
升息的結果便是失業率上升，且需要五至十年才能彌補勞動市場的損失。
unemployment(n.)失業employment(n.)就業the unemployed失業人士jobless rate失業率as a consequence (result) of sth.作為某事的結果recover(v.)恢復、復原
Also, Card doesn’t see a possibility that the recession will occur without the jobless rate increasing, even though there are a large number of open positions currently available.
此外，卡德不認為經濟衰退會在失業率不攀升的情況下發生，儘管目前有許多職缺釋出。
open position職缺
“A company can publish a vacancy and decide that they are not going to hire,” explained Card, adding that companies will impose hiring freezes when they stop making sales at the same levels they do now.
他解釋道：「一家公司可能會開出職缺，但決定不錄取任何人」，並補充當公司銷售額低於目前的水準時，他們就會實施人事凍結。
vacancy(n.)職缺、空缺hiring freeze人事凍結personnel change人事異動transfer(n.)(v.)調職、遷調promotion(n.)晉升、升職demotion(n.)降職、降級pay raise加薪
Card remains optimistic about the presence of AI technology and industrial robots, especially in terms of reducing the demand for human labor in certain sectors, such as underground mining and automotive manufacturing, where workers are often exposed to hazardous chemicals and high risk of death at work.
卡德樂見人工智慧技術與工業機器人的出現，尤其是就減少地下採礦與汽車製造業等特定產業的人力需求而言，因為這類產業的工作者在職場上常暴露於危險的化學物質與高死亡風險之下。
be optimistic about sth.對某事樂觀以待pessimistic(adj.)悲觀的in terms of就～而言demand(n.)需求(量)demand for sth.對某事物的需求be exposed to接觸、暴露於～hazardous chemicals危險的化學物質