犯錯中學習
In 2014, Bowling Green State University published research where they categorized decision-making styles into five groups: rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant and spontaneous. The study argues that most people fit in one of them.
美國博林格林州立大學在2014年發佈的研究中將決策風格分為5種：理性型、直覺型、依賴型、逃避型及自發型，並主張大多數的人都可歸類到這5種類型的其中一種。
Bowling Green State University美國博林格林州立大學categorize A into B將A分類為Brational(adj.)理智的、理性的irrational(adj.)不理性的intuitive(adj.)直覺的、直覺性的dependent(adj.)依賴的independent(adj.)獨立的avoidant(adj.)逃避的spontaneous(adj.)自發的、即興的、沒有預先安排的fit in sth.符合某事
Among them, rational decision-makers are characterized by careful analysis of known factors and logical evaluation of alternatives.
其中，理性型決策的特色為謹慎分析已知的影響因素並理智衡量替代方案。
be characterized by sth.以…為特色known factor已知因素logical(adj.)合乎邏輯的evaluation(n.)評估=assessmentevaluate(v.)評估=assessalternative(n.)替代方案(adj.)替代的alternative energy替代性能源
For example, when pondering over what to eat during the office lunch break, a rational decision-maker may calculate the possible scenarios before coming up with a conclusion like “cold noodles, because there’s an important meeting right after the break, and one needs something less filling to stay awake.”
例如，當在公司思考中午該吃什麼時，理性型決策者會考慮可能的情境再作出決定；例如，「涼麵，因為午休過後馬上有重要會議，不要吃太飽才不會想睡。」
ponder over sth.沉思某事calculate(v.)計算、盤算scenario(n.)設想情況filling(adj.)飽足的
The study says that although such decision-makers spend a significant amount of time on prior assessment, they seldom regret their decisions because they believe they chose the best option possible.
研究顯示，儘管理性型決策者花相當多時間作事前評估，他們對作出的決定卻很少後悔，因為他們相信所作的已經是當下最好的判斷。
a significant amount of +不可數名詞，表示大量的=a great or large amount of…prior assessment事先評估
On the other hand, intuitive decision-makers pay special attention to details and tend to rely on sentiment rather than reasonable judgment.
另一方面，直覺型決策的風格是注意細節、依賴情感而非理智判斷。
rely on sb. or sth.依賴某人或某事=depend on sb. or sth.sentiment(n.)情感rather than…而不是…=instead of…reasonable(adj.)合情合理的unreasonable(adj.)不合理的judgment(n.)判斷、判斷力judge(v.)判斷、評斷
In the same lunch break scenario, they may decide “rice with curry” because they have fancied it since the morning.
在同樣的午餐情境中，直覺型決策者可能會選擇「咖哩飯」，因為從一早就很想吃。
fancy + N or V-ing想要某事、想做某事
However, researchers say that intuitive decision makers tend to lament over their ideas later on because they often don’t take enough factors into account.
然而，研究學者指出直覺型決策者因為沒有將足夠因素納入考慮，事後常常懊悔所作的決定。
lament over sth.惋惜某事take sth. into account將某事納入考量=take sth. into consideration
It’s important to identify which decision-making model people use because they are constantly constrained by one of them subconsciously.
分辨出自己屬於哪一種決策風格很重要，因為人們常常沒有注意到自己被這些模式制約。
identify(v.)辨別、辨認constantly(adv.)時常地be constrained by sth.被某事限制subconsciously(adv.)潛意識地
Also, when they figure out the decision-making pattern, it’s crucial to identify which habits are preventing them from calling a good shot and try to get rid of them next time.
另外，在找出決策風格時，也要留意有哪些習慣讓你無法做出好判斷，下次就可以改掉。
pattern(n.)模式、形式crucial(adj.)關鍵的prevent sb. from…讓某人不能…call the shots作主、作決定
After all, there is no perfect decision; decision-making is a process of trial and error.
畢竟世界上沒有100分的決定，決策過程就是在嘗試及犯錯中累積的學習歷程。
trial and error嘗試與犯錯