保障權利與解釋基本法律
The Judicial Yuan, which is one of the five branches of the central government, not only “oversees all systems of courts of Taiwan” but also runs the country’s Constitutional Court.
司法院作為中央政府五個分支之一，不僅「監督台灣所有的法院體系」，還負責運作國家的憲法法庭。
Judicial Yuan司法院judicious(adj.)審慎而明智的;有見地的branch(n.)樹枝、分支oversee(v.)監督、監管run(v.)運作、營運
Comprising 15 grand justices, including the president and vice president of the Judicial Yuan, this special court is tasked with both protecting rights as well as interpreting the country’s basic laws.
憲法法庭由15位大法官組成，包括司法院院長及副院長，其任務包括保障權利及解釋國家憲法。
comprise(v.)由⋯⋯組成=be comprised of=be composed of=be made up of=consist ofgrand justice大法官vice(adj.)副的be tasked with...負責～
Since 1949, Taiwan’s Constitutional Court has made hundreds of interpretations of the country’s laws, including one landmark decision that paved the way for Taiwan to allow same-sex marriage and another that voided the 5th amendment of the Additional Articles of the Constitution.
自1949年以來，台灣的憲法法庭已對國家法律做出了數百次解釋，包括開啟同性婚姻合法化之路的里程碑性判決，以及宣告《憲法增修條文》第五次修憲條文無效的判決。
since(prep.)自從landmark(n.)地標、里程碑(adj.)里程碑的pave the way for...為～鋪路void(v.)使無效、宣布作廢、取消=nullify=invalidate
While reviewing and interpreting laws has always been one of its responsibilities, since January 4, 2022, the Constitutional Court has taken on roles clearly outlined in the Constitutional Court Procedure Act.
雖然審查與解釋法律一直是憲法法庭的責任之一，但自2022年1月4日起，憲法法庭根據《憲法訴訟法》的明確規定，開始承擔了新的職責。
take on承擔outline(n.)輪廓、大綱(v.)概述
In accordance with this act, the court now handles legal cases of six specific types.
根據該法，憲法法庭現在處理六種特定類型的法律案件。
in accordance with根據=according tohandle(v.)處理=deal with
First among these is determining the “constitutionality of laws and constitutional complaints,” followed by solving “disputes between constitutional organs,” which are any government institution or department created under the country’s constitution.
首先是裁定「法律是否符合憲法和憲法申訴」，其次是解決「憲法機關之間的爭議」，憲法機關指的是根據國家憲法設立的任何政府機構或部門。
constitutionality(n.)符合憲法make a complaint抱怨、申訴dispute(n.)爭論、爭議organ(n.)機關
The other types of cases include those related to impeaching the president or vice president, breaking up unconstitutional political parties, dealing with “local self-government” issues and interpreting laws and regulations passed by the Legislative Yuan.
其他類型的案件包括總統、副總統彈劾案件、政黨違憲解散案件、處理「地方自治」問題以及解釋立法院通過的法律與法規。
(be) related to與～有關impeach(v.)彈劾break up解散self-government(n.)自治
In recent months, the Constitutional Court has been in the news due to its involvement in hearing arguments against the death penalty in Taiwan.
近幾個月來，憲法法庭因參與審理台灣廢死辯論而成為新聞焦點。
grab or make (the) headlines登上新聞頭條due to因為involvement(n.)參與、涉入involve(v.)使涉入be involved in...參與、涉入hearing(n.)審理
As a result, the court will be forced to act according to its legal responsibilities and make an official judgment on the constitutionality of this form of punishment sometime in 2024.
因此，憲法法庭將被迫根據法定職責行事，於2024年某個時間點對死刑是否符合憲法做出正式判決。
as a result因此=consequently=thereforeaccording to根據judgment(n.)判決