西元前六千年就開喝
Beer has had a long history—it is one of the oldest alcoholic beverages as well as the most widely consumed.
啤酒的歷史十分悠久──既是最古老也是最普遍的酒精飲料。
alcoholic (adj.) 含酒精的 (n.)酗酒者consume (v.)吃、喝、消耗、消費consumer (n.)消費者
In fact, the earliest known beer dates back to about 6000 BCE, brewed from barley in areas of modern-day Iraq.
事實上，已知最早的啤酒可追溯至約西元前六千年，以現今伊拉克地區的大麥所釀製的。
in fact 事實上、其實BCE(Before the Common Era) 西元前date back to 追溯至……brew (v.)釀（啤酒）、煮（咖啡）、沖泡（茶）
Egyptian tomb reliefs from 2400 BCE show an ancient technique in which beer was made by combining dried barley cakes and water in special containers.
西元前2400年的埃及墳墓浮雕便描述了古老的釀製工法，將乾大麥餅與水在特殊容器中混合製成啤酒。
relief (n.)浮雕cake (n.)餅狀物
From the Middle East, brewing techniques spread to Europe.
釀造工法從中東傳到歐洲。
As early as the first century CE, the Saxons, Celts, and other European tribes were reported to have drunk ale, made by using a process with yeast rising to the top during brewing.
早在西元一世紀，撒克遜人、凱爾特人、和其他歐洲部落據說已開始飲用愛爾啤酒，在釀製過程中酵母會浮升至啤酒頂層。
ale (n.)愛爾啤酒、麥芽啤酒yeast (n.)酵母
In the Middle Ages, a different fermentation process using hops began to be used, with beer being made in breweries at monasteries across Europe.
在中世紀時，開始採用另外一種使用啤酒花的發酵過程，在歐洲各地修道院的釀酒廠釀製啤酒。
fermentation (n.)發酵hops (n.)啤酒花brewery (n.)啤酒廠
In Germany in 1420 CE, a brewing process involving yeast settling at the bottom was first used to make lager.
在西元1420年的德國首次採用一種使酵母沉在下方的釀酒過程，製成拉格啤酒。
CE(Common Era) 西元
Up until the Industrial Revolution, beermaking was mostly a wintertime activity that required ice to keep it cool.
一直到工業革命，啤酒的釀造大多是在冬季進行的，因需要冰塊維持低溫。
revolution (n.)革命evolution (n.)進化resolution (n.)決心
However, by the 19th century, refrigeration and ice-making equipment changed the process, with scientists also developing new ways to industrialize brewing.
但到了19世紀，冷藏和製冰設備改變了這個製程，科學家也研發出新方式將釀酒工業化。
refrigeration (n.)冷藏、冷凍
Now in the 21st century, beer has grown to be a huge global business, with brewing done by both huge multinational companies as well as small microbreweries.
現在到了21世紀，啤酒成長為龐大的全球性產業，大型跨國公司和小型精釀啤酒廠皆有在釀造啤酒。
multinational (adj.)跨國的microbrewery (n.)精釀啤酒廠