減少開採天然資源
Extracting and processing natural resources accounts for around “half of all global greenhouse gas emissions,” according to the U.N. International Resources Panel.
根據聯合國國際資源委員會的資料，天然資源的開採與加工約佔「全球溫室氣體排放量的一半」。
extract(v.)提取process(v.)處理;加工processed food加工食品account for佔～比例around(adv.)大約;大概=about=approximatelygreenhouse gas溫室氣體emission(n.)排放(物);排放量the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere向大氣層排放二氧化碳emit(v.)發出;散發(光、熱、聲音等);排放
As a result, efforts are being made all over the world to break free from the negative effects of economic models that rely on “large quantities of cheap, easily accessible materials and energy.”
因此，世界各地都在努力擺脫依賴「大量廉價、易於取得的材料與能源」的經濟模式所帶來的負面影響。
as a result=consequently因此make efforts做出努力break free from擺脫economic models經濟模式negative(adj.)負面的positive(adj.)正面的rely on 仰賴、依賴=depend onquantity(n.)(數)量accessible(adj.)易於取得的
The solution that many countries are attempting to implement is called a circular economy.
許多國家正在嘗試實行的解決方案被稱為循環經濟。
implement(v.)實施、實行
In contrast to the model in which tons of waste are created and new raw materials are constantly needed, a circular economy focuses on extending the life cycle of products.
與產生大量廢棄物並且不斷需要新原料的模式不同，循環經濟著重於延長產品的生命週期。
in contrast to與～形成對比raw material原料extend(v.)延長
With the Earth in mind, this type of economy involves sharing, renting, reusing, repairing and recycling “existing materials and products as long as possible.”
以地球為考量，這種經濟模式涉及共享、租賃、再利用、維修和回收「現有材料和產品，盡可能延長其使用時間」。
type(n.)種類;類型=kindinvolve(v.)包含=includeexisting(adj.)現有的;既有的
This begins with the sustainable design of products and ends with selective waste management that can put materials back into the production cycle, thus greatly reducing the need for new raw materials.
從產品的永續設計開始，最終透過選擇性的廢棄物管理，讓材料回到生產循環中，進而大幅減少對新原料的需求。
sustainable(adj.)永續的selective(adj.)選擇性的、精挑細選的
Given the ideas on which it is based, a circular economy has many direct environmental benefits.
基於這些理念，循環經濟帶來了許多直接的環境效益。
given(prep.)考量到;有鑑於be based on...以～為基礎
Chief among them is decreasing the dependence on extracting natural resources.
最主要的是減少對開採天然資源的依賴。
chief(adj.)最主要的dependence(n.)依賴dependent(adj.)仰賴的
In doing so, the loss of natural landscapes and wildlife can also be limited.
透過這樣做，自然景觀和野生動物的喪失也能得到控制。
in doing so=by doing this藉由這樣做landscape(n.)景觀;風景;景色
Moreover, more sustainable production processes and extended life cycles of products can greatly lessen greenhouse gas emissions.
此外，更加永續的生產過程和延長產品的生命週期，可大幅減少溫室氣體的排放。
lessen(v.)減少=reduce
Additionally, the design of a circular economy produces less trash and plastic waste, thus reducing the amount of litter released into the natural world.
此外，循環經濟的設計能減少垃圾和塑膠廢棄物的產生，從而減少釋放到自然界的垃圾量。
additionally(adv.)此外=in additionless+不可數名詞、fewer+可數名詞：比較少的～
Consequently, fewer microplastics will likely enter the food chain, which benefits not only the environment but all living things on Earth as well.
因此，進入食物鏈的微塑膠顆粒可能會減少，這不僅對環境有益，對地球上的所有生物也有益。
consequently(adv.)因此=therefore=as a resultmicroplastics(n.)微塑膠顆粒food chain食物鏈not only...but...as well不僅...而且...=not only...but also...benefit(v.)使受益living things生物=living creatures