台灣居全球第4
Traffic pollution causes 4 million new cases of childhood asthma every year, according to the latest study published in the British medical journal Lancet Planetary Health.
英國醫學期刊《刺胳針全球健康》發表最新研究報告指出，交通空污每年導致全球新增四百萬起孩童氣喘病例，
Globally, the study suggests that there are 170 new cases of traffic pollution-related asthma per 100,000 children every year, and 13 percent of childhood asthma cases diagnosed each year are associated with traffic pollution.
該研究指出，每年全球每10萬名兒童中，交通空污造成的氣喘病例共新增170例，每年診斷出的兒童氣喘病例中有百分之十三與交通空污有關。
diagnose(v.)診斷(病症)be associated with~和…有關=be related to~=be connected with~=be linked to or with~
This is the first study to assess the link between nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and childhood asthma, showing the impact of traffic pollution on children’s respiratory health in 125 major cities around the world.
該研究是第一個評估二氧化氮（NO2）與兒童氣喘之間關聯性的研究，顯示交通空污如何影響全球125個主要城市的兒童呼吸健康。
assess(v.)評價;評定;對…估價=evaluatethe link between A and B=the relationship between A and Bimpact(n.)影響;衝擊respiratory(adj.)呼吸的respiratory system呼吸道系統
NO2 is a pollutant that mainly comes from fossil fuel combustion, and traffic emissions can contribute to as much as 80% of ambient NO2 in cities.
二氧化氮是一種污染物，由燃燒化石燃料產生，某些城市空氣中近八成的二氧化氮來自交通氣體排放。
fossil fuel石化燃料combustion(n.)燃燒emit(v.)(氣體等)排放emission(n.)(氣體)排放、排放物contribute to~造成;導致=cause=result in~=lead to~ambient(adj.) 周圍的;(尤指)周圍環境條件的
The country with the highest rate of traffic pollution-related childhood asthma is Kuwait (550 cases per 100,000 children each year), followed by the United Arab Emirates (460 per 100,000), and Canada (450 per 100,000).
與交通空污有關的兒童氣喘發病率最高的國家是科威特（每年每10萬名兒童中有550例），其次是阿拉伯聯合大公國（每年每10萬名兒童中有460例），再來是加拿大（每10萬名兒童中有450例），
rate(n.)比率incidence(n.)(事件的)發生(率);(疾病的)發病率followed by~其次是…
Taiwan ranks fourth among the 194 countries, with 420 cases per 100,000 children every year.
台灣在194個國家中排名第四，每年每10萬名兒童中就有420例。
The study also found that China has the largest number of cases (760,000) of traffic pollution-related asthma.
該研究還發現，在中國由交通空污造成的氣喘病例數為全球最多（76萬），
The reason for this could be that China has the second largest population of children and the third highest concentration of NO2.
原因可能是中國的兒童人口是世界第二大，且二氧化氮濃度是世界第三高。
population(n.)人口concentration(n.)濃度
India had the next largest number of cases (350,000) due to its large population of children, although the actual number may be higher as many cases are not diagnosed or reported due to a lack of medical care.
印度因為兒童人口眾多，病例數排名世界第二（35萬），不過因缺乏醫療資源，很多案例並未確診或通報，實際數字可能還更高。
due to~因為=because of=owing to~diagnose(v.)診斷(病症)
“Nitrogen dioxide pollution appears to be a substantial risk factor for childhood asthma incidence in both developed and developing countries, especially in urban areas,” says senior author Dr Susan Anenberg at the George Washington University, USA.
該研究的資深作者、美國喬治華盛頓大學的安納伯格博士指出，二氧化氮污染似乎在已開發國家和開發中國家都是兒童氣喘發病率的重要風險因素，特別是在城市地區，
substantial(adj.)大的、可觀的=considerable=significantincidence(n.)(事件的)發生(率);(疾病的)發病率
“Our findings suggest that the World Health Organization guideline for annual average NO2 concentrations might need to be revisited, and that traffic emissions should be a target to mitigate exposure.”
研究結果呈現出，世界衛生組織可能需要重新考慮年度平均二氧化氮濃度的排放準則，且為減少接觸污染氣體，應把降低交通空污氣體的排放列為目標。
guideline(n.)指導方針;指導原則;準則=guiding principles=standardsrevisit(v.)重訪(某地)、重新考慮(意圖改變或改善)mitigate(v.)使緩和、減輕(危害)=reduceexposure(n.)接觸;面臨;遭受exposure to the sun曬太陽exposure to radiation暴露在輻射線之下