公務和非公務行為
The Supreme Court on July 1 ruled that former President Donald Trump can claim “some immunity from criminal prosecution for official acts” while he was president.
最高法院7月1日裁定，前總統川普可以要求在擔任總統期間「對公務行為享有一定的刑事起訴豁免權」。
criminal(adj.)刑事的
This decision will not only impact some of Trump’s ongoing legal battles, but could also affect how future presidents behave in office.
這一裁決不僅將影響川普正在進行的一些法律訴訟，還可能影響未來總統在任期間的行為。
impact(v.)影響ongoing(adj.)持續進行中的office(n.)(重要)官職in office擔任公職out of office在野
Trump brought his case before the Supreme Court for final appeal after the highest federal court ruled that he had no immunity for alleged crimes he committed as president during his attempt to reverse the 2020 election results.
在最高法院裁定川普在擔任總統期間試圖推翻2020年大選結果時涉嫌的犯罪行為不享有豁免權後，川普將案件提交最高法院進行最終上訴。
appeal(n.)上訴appeal to sb. 吸引某人=attract sb.alleged(adj.)據稱的、聲稱的commit (a) crime犯罪attempt(n.)試圖、企圖in an attempt to VR企圖～reverse(v.)推翻
Of the nine Supreme Court justices, the six who were appointed by Republican presidents ruled to give Trump “some immunity,” while the three Democrat-appointed justices ruled against giving Trump any protections from prosecution.
在最高法院的九名大法官中，六名由共和黨總統任命的法官裁定給予川普「一定的豁免權」，而三名由民主黨任命的大法官則裁定不給予川普任何免起訴的保護。
of(prep.)在～之中=amongjustice(n.)大法官while(conj.)而;然而=whereasappoint(v.)任命appoint sb. as 職位 任命某人擔任～
Chief Justice John Roberts, who ruled to give Trump immunity, noted in his official opinion statement that presidents should be given absolute immunity related to “official acts” of exercising their constitutional powers while in office.
裁定給予川普豁免權的首席大法官約翰·羅伯茨在陳述意見書中指出，總統在任期間行使憲法賦予的權力時，其「公務行為」應享有絕對豁免權。
absolute(adj.)絕對的related to~與～有關
However, Roberts stated that this protection excludes “unofficial acts.”
然而，羅伯茲指出，這種保護不包括「非公務行為」。
exclude(v.)排除、不包含include(v.)包含
Justice Sonia Sotomayor, on the other hand, disagreed.
另一方面，索尼婭·索托馬約法官則持不同意見。
on the other hand另一方面disagree(v.)不同意agree to disagree承認雙方有不同意見
As one of the three justices ruling against Trump’s claim, she noted that by granting any immunity to Trump, both he and all future presidents would be treated as kings “above the law.”
作為反對川普主張的三名法官之一，她指出，如果給予川普任何豁免權，那麼他和未來的所有總統都將被視為「凌駕於法律之上」的國王。
grant(v.)賦予;給予treat...as...將～視為～對待
Although Trump has treated the decision as a legal victory, he can still face prosecution if lower courts provide evidence that he was acting in a personal, and not official, way while committing any crimes.
儘管川普將這項裁決視為法律上的勝利，但如果下級法院提供證據證明他在犯罪時是以個人而非公務名義行事，他仍然可能面臨起訴。
victory(n.)勝利=triumph
Even so, critics of the court’s decision believe that in addition to being difficult to differentiate between Trump’s official and unofficial presidential acts, the ruling could completely undermine the case against Trump for trying to interfere in the 2020 election.
即便如此，批評法院裁決的人士認為，除了難以區分川普擔任總統時的公務和非公務行為之外，這一裁決還可能會削弱起訴川普試圖干涉2020年大選一案的基礎。
critic(n.)批評者differentiate between...區分;區別=distinguish between...undermine(v.)逐漸削弱、削弱⋯⋯的基礎interfere in干涉、介入interfere with妨礙