珐瑯質「再生」凝膠
According to a study conducted in 2016, around 2.4 billion people worldwide have tooth decay.
根據2016年進行的一項研究，全球約24億人有蛀牙，
tooth decay蛀牙
Many people develop cavities that can only be treated by replacing damaged enamel with materials such as resin and amalgam.
許多人只能通用用樹脂或汞合金等材料填補坑洞治療，
cavity(n.)齲齒、牙齒蛀洞replace A with B 用B取代Aresin(n.)樹脂amalgam(n.)汞合金
However, such fillings do not attach firmly enough to the remaining tooth enamel and usually come loose after around five years.
不過填充物不能牢固地附著在剩餘的珐瑯質上，且通常在大約五年後會脫落。
attach to~黏貼;附著come loose 脫落=come off=fall off
Now, scientists have pioneered a gel which can regrow human tooth enamel, an invention they hope will find application in the future treatment of tooth decay.
現在科學家開發出一種凝膠，能夠重新生長出琺瑯質（牙釉質），這項發明可望在未來的齲齒治療中得到應用。
pioneer(n.)拓荒者、開拓者開發者、先驅、創始人(v.)做先鋒，當開拓者，倡導gel(n.)凝膠application(n.)應用apply(v.)應用;申請;塗抹
To find a promising alternative to traditional fillings, researchers from Zhejiang University in China have created a gel containing calcium phosphate, the key component of tooth enamel. The chemical compound, which forms tiny clusters with diameters of 1.5 nanometers, was mixed with a chemical called triethylamine in order to prevent the clusters from clumping together.
為了找到理想的材料替代傳統填充物，中國浙江大學的研究人員創造了一種含有磷酸鈣的凝膠，這是牙釉質的關鍵成分，會形成微小的束狀物，直徑為1.5奈米，並與一種叫做三乙胺的化學物質混合，以防止束狀物聚集在一起。
To find=In order to findpromising(adj.)有希望的;有出息的;有前途的calcium phosphate磷酸鈣compound(n.)化合物cluster(n.)(同類物聚集的)叢、束、群clump together聚集在一起;結塊
The research team then applied the resulting mixture to a sample of crystalline hydroxyapatite — a material similar to natural tooth enamel.
然後研究小組將所得混合物塗抹在結晶的氫氧磷灰石的樣品上——是一種類似天然牙釉質的材料。
apply…to…將…塗抹在…resulting(adj.)因而發生的;作為結果的
Thanks to their diminutive size, the clusters were found to have fused on to this material while forming a layer with a compact arrangement.
由於它們的尺寸很小，接著這些束狀物進一步交叉排列形成高度有序的層級結構。
thanks to~幸虧;多虧;由於diminutive(adj.)微小的=very smallfuse(adj.)融合的
The team went on to experiment with real human teeth that had detached from their owners by covering them in the gel after they had been damaged by acid.
研究團隊繼續在人類牙齒上做實驗，他們先是將牙齒取下，先以酸破壞後，塗上凝膠，
detach(v.)使脫離
The teeth were then placed in conditions that mimicked the human mouth.
然後將牙齒置於模擬人類口腔的條件下，
mimic(v.)模擬=resemble=simulate
Forty-eight hours later, the ultra-small clusters formed a dental coating as strong as that found on natural teeth.
48小時後，微小的碳酸鈣束形成了與天然牙齒一樣堅韌的琺瑯質層，
that= the dental coating
Although the layer was very thin, researchers said the process can be repeated until it builds up sufficient thickness.
雖然這層琺瑯質非常薄，但研究人員說這個過程可以重複進行，直到積累了足夠的厚度。
until(conj.)直到sufficient(adj.)足夠的=enough
Dr Liu Zhaoming, one of the researchers on the project, said they wish to conduct further experiments to make sure the gel is safe to use in actual human mouths.
該計畫的研究人員趙昭明博士說，他們希望進行進一步的實驗，以確保凝膠在人類口腔中是安全的，
make sure=ensure確保
He said the new method of growing tooth enamel could potentially revolutionize the way dentists treat tooth decay.
他也指出這個琺瑯質再生的新方法可望徹底改變牙醫治療蛀牙的方式。
revolutionize(v.)使發生革命性劇變;在…方面引起突破性變革revolution(n.)革命