「向上分區」的選項
Years in the making, the worldwide housing shortage has been rapidly accelerated over the past several years as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, global economic issues, and the war in Ukraine.
多年來形成的全球住宅短缺問題，近幾年來由於新冠疫情、全球經濟問題以及烏克蘭戰爭的影響而迅速加劇。
in the making形成過程中accelerate(v.)加速(=expedite)pandemic(n.)全球流行病epidemic(n.)地方流行病
In order to properly address this worsening crisis, more forward-thinking government policies are needed.
若要適當的應對這個不斷惡化的危機，就需要更具前瞻性的政府政策。
properly(adv.)妥當的proper(adj.)正當的improper(adj.)不正當的forward-thinking(adj.)前瞻性的be ahead of one’s time具有前瞻性的in dire need of急需要（～）
The first focuses on planning and zoning of land.
第一種政策專注於土地規劃與分區的問題。
zero in on專注於zone(n.)區(v.)分區zone out走神、恍惚
Beyond the obvious solution of creating more spaces specifically for affordable housing, governments should consider “upzoning,” which allows for the construction of multiple living units on building lots previously zoned for single-family use.
除了建造更多空間作為平價住宅這樣顯而易見的解決方案，政府應該考慮「向上分區」這個選項，允許在之前劃定為單一家庭使用的建地上建造多個住宅單元。
solution(n.)解決方案(+to sth.)affordable(adj.)負擔得起的allow for納入考慮(=take into consideration)lot(n.)場地parking lot停車場building lot建地zone for劃分給
Such a policy has been shown to not only provide much-needed residential space but also “promote social inclusion.”
這種政策經證明不僅可以提供迫切需要的居住空間，而且還可以「促進社會融合」。
be shown to RV經證明、經顯示(=be proved to RV)residential(adj.)居住的reside(v.)居住residence(n.)住所official residence官邸take up residence住進去inclusion(n.)包容、包含include(v.)包含
Financially, governments can also make incentives available to home buyers and builders.
在金融方面，政府也可以為買房族和建築商提供誘因。
incentive(n.)激勵、鼓勵、刺激tax incentive稅收的鼓勵措施
For buyers, governments can begin by targeting bank regulations to allow for smaller down payments on homes and lower interest rates on loans.
買房族方面，政府可以先著手調整銀行法規，降低房子的頭期款與貸款利率。
down payment頭期款home loan房屋貸款(=mortgage)
Moreover, tax breaks can be offered for home buyers to make owning property less of a financial burden.
此外，政府可以為買房族提供稅收減免，以減擁房所造成的財務壓力。
burden(n.)重擔(v.)使…擔重擔carry／bear／ a burden承受負擔share a burden分擔重擔ease／reduce a burden減輕重擔
For builders, similar approaches can have positive effects on project funding and capital, leading to an increased supply of housing.
建商方面，亦可以採取類似的做法，對建案募資和資本產生積極的影響，帶動住房供給增加。
approach(n.)方法adopt an approach採用方法leading to帶動、造成(=bringing about=causing)
Finally, on a larger scale, countries can address the housing crisis by loosening immigration policies.
最後，國家應放眼大局，透過放寬移民政策來解決住房危機。
on a large scale大規模地
In many places, the lack of affordable housing is related to a lack of labor, which can drive up costs and slow down the completion of building projects.
很多地方缺乏平價住宅是與勞動力短缺有關，勞動力短缺可能拉高成本，並使建案延期完工。
lack of～的缺乏lack(v.)缺乏(及物動詞)drive up／down使～增加／減少drive out逐出complete(v.)完成completion(n.)完工
Since immigrants provide essential manpower in many construction industries, relaxing immigration policies can actually “reduce housing costs by lowering developing costs and abating labor shortages.”
由於移民在許多建築行業中提供了必要的勞動力，因此放寬移民政策其實能夠「透過降低開發成本和緩解勞動力短缺，進而降低住房成本」。
essential(adj.)關鍵的manpower(n.)勞力(=labor)abate(v.)減輕、減緩、減弱(=alleviate)
Through employing a combination of these policies, governments can more effectively address the global need for housing before the crisis deepens.
各國政府若能配合使用這些政策，就可以在住房危機加深之前，更有效地滿足全球對住宅的需求。
employ(v.)採用(=adopt)deepen(v.)加深、加重(=worsen)deteriorate(v.)惡化