長期可能達到肌少症
A study by the National Health Research Institute assessed the chronic effects of ambient fine particulates (PM2.5) on the body composition of elderly subjects.
國家衛生研究院研究評估PM2.5對年長者身體組成的長期影響，
assess(v.)評價;評定;對…估價=evaluatechronic(adj.)慢性的;長期的=long-termchronic disease慢性病acute disease急性病ambient(adj.)周遭環境的fine particulates(尤指汽車引擎排出的引起嚴重污染的)微粒，顆粒particulate matter懸浮微粒the body composition身體組成subject(n.)受試者;研究對象
It was found that long-term PM 2.5 exposure is associated with reduced skeletal muscle mass and increased body fat in the elderly.
發現長期接觸PM2.5與骨骼肌肉量減少和脂肪量增加有關。
exposure(n.)接觸、面臨、遭受be exposed to~接觸到…be associated with~和…有關聯的=be connected with~=be related to~=be linked to or with~
The researchers conducted a cross-sectional study of 530 elderly people in Taipei from October 2015 to November 2016.
2015年10月至2016年11月，研究人員對台北地區530位老年人進行了橫斷面研究，
a cross-sectional study 橫斷面研究
They found that for every 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure, there were a significant 0.2% reduction in the muscle mass of the subjects, and an increase in their body fat of 0.28%.
他們發現，PM2.5暴露每增加1微克／立方公尺 ，會顯著造成老人一個年度間肌肉量下降 0.2％，脂肪量增加 0.28％。
microgram微克cubic meter立方公尺significant(adj.)顯著的;大幅地的=notablereduction(n.)減少reduce(v.)減少
What’s more, they discovered that higher physical activity can lessen the detrimental effects of PM 2.5 on skeletal muscle mass and body fat.
此外，運動量增加可減輕PM2.5對骨骼肌質量和體脂肪量的不良影響。
lessen(v.)減少=reduce=mitigatedetrimental(adj.)有危害的、有損害的=harmful=damaging
The study’s co-author, Lee Kang-yun, attending physician of the Department of Thoracology at Shuang Ho Hospital of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, said that while it is hard to infer a causal relationship based on the results of the study, theoretically air pollutants can trigger the body’s inflammatory response and cause the release of peroxide.
該研究的共同作者、衛生福利部雙和醫院胸腔內科主治醫師李岡遠表示，雖然很難依據研究結果直接推論出因果關係，但理論上空氣汙染物會引發身體的發炎反應和過氧化物的產生，
while(conj.)雖然=thoughinfer(v.)推論a causal relationship因果關係trigger(v.)引發;觸發;誘發=induceinflammatory(adj.)發炎的、炎症的inflammation(n.)炎症;發炎peroxide(n.)過氧化物
If the symptom persists over a long period of time, it will inhibit the formation of muscle cells, accelerate the aging of cells, and lead to muscle loss to the extent of developing sarcopenia in the long term.
如果症狀持續很長時間，會抑制肌肉細胞生成，加速細胞老化，導致肌肉減少，長期可能達到肌少症的程度。
persist(v.)持續=continueinhibit(v.)抑制=slow downaccelerate(v.)加速=speed upag(e)ing老化to the extent of…到達…的程度、地步in the long term長期下來=in the long run
Guo Yue-liang, also a co-author of the study and professor at the National Taiwan University College of Medicine, said PM2.5 is a particulate matter which is usually attached to other substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, an environmental hormone.
另一位共同作者、台大醫學系教授郭育良表示，PM2.5是懸浮微粒，通常會附著其他物質，例如多環芳香烴等環境荷爾蒙，
particulate matter懸浮微粒polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons多環芳香烴environmental hormone環境賀爾蒙
Environmental hormones can affect the endocrine system and induce oxidative stress, which may explain why air pollution can cause changes in body composition.
環境荷爾蒙會影響內分泌、造成氧化壓力，可能是空汙導致身體組成改變的原因。
affect(v.)影響effect(n.)影響have an effect on~對…產生影響endocrine system 內分泌系統induce(v.)引發;誘發=cause=bring about=triggeroxidative stress氧化壓力
Guo suggested that people living in areas with higher air pollution levels should get into the habit of exercising to counterbalance the effects of air pollution on body composition.
郭育良建議生活在空污指數較高地區的人應該養成運動的習慣，以平衡空氣污染對身體組成的影響。
suggest that sb. (should) RV建議某人應該…counterbalance(v.)使平衡、抵銷=offset=compensate for~=balance out