基因改造防排斥
In a major medical breakthrough, surgeons at NYU Langone Health have successfully transplanted a pig’s kidney into a human body.
美國紐約大學朗格尼醫學中心的外科醫師，成功將豬腎移植到人體，創下醫學史上的一大突破。
breakthrough(n.)重大進展;突破a groundbreaking achievement開創性的成就surgery(n.)外科手術surgeon(n.)外科醫生transplant(n.)(v.)(尤指器官的)移植
The process, known as xenotransplantation, utilized a genetically-modified pig kidney to prevent rejection.
這種手術被稱作「異種移植」，使用基因經過改造的豬腎臟，防止排斥反應。
xenotransplantation異種移植transplantation(n.)器官移植xeno- 異體、外來xenophobia(n.)對外國人(或外國習俗、宗教等)的憎惡(或恐懼);仇外;排外utilize(v.)使用;利用;應用modify(v.)(稍作)修改、更改、改造、改變genetically-modified基因改造的GMO 基因改造生物(體)=genetically modified organismnon-GMO非基因改造rejection(n.)拒絕、排斥
During a two-hour operation, the doctor attached the pig’s kidney to the body of a brain-dead recipient whose family consented to the experiment.
手術過程約兩小時，醫生將豬的腎臟連接到腦死病患身上，他的家人同意接受手術試驗。
operation(n.)手術attach…to…將…連接到…=connect…to…recipient(n.)接受者consent to…同意;答應;許可;允許=agree to…
The recipient was maintained on a ventilator for 54 hours after the surgery for the doctors to observe the kidney’s function and check for signs of rejection.
手術後，接受腎臟移植的病人由呼吸器維持生命跡象54小時，以便醫生觀察腎功能，並檢查是否有排斥現象。
ventilator(n.)人工呼吸器
No signs of rejection were detected throughout the operation and the following observation period.
手術期間與術後觀察時都沒有檢測到排斥跡象。
detect(v.)發現;察覺;看出throughout(prep.)整個…
Urine production was normal and creatinine levels indicated that the kidney was functioning properly.
受試者尿量正常，肌酸酐指數也顯示腎功能正常。
urine(n.)尿液，小便creatinine levels肌酸酐指數indicate(v.)指出;呈現=show
Dr. Robert Montgomery, the leader of the surgical team, said the experiment is “a potential game changer for the field of transplantation and people now dying for want of an organ.”
手術團隊的負責人蒙哥馬利醫師說，該實驗「可望徹底翻轉整個移植學界，並拯救急需腎臟移植救命的人們。」
game changer 改變遊戲規則的事物transplantation(n.)器官移植want(n.)缺乏;不足=lack=shortage
In the US, there are now around 90,000 patients on the waitlist for a kidney transplant to save their lives.
美國約有9萬名患者正等待腎臟移植救命。
waitlist(n.)等候名單=wait list
Depending on their blood types and locations, it might take only one year or as long as 10 years to wait for a deceased donor’s kidney, for the number of deceased organ donors is rather limited.
視他們的血型和所在地而定，要等到去世捐贈者的腎臟短則需要一年，最長要等上10年，因為過世的器官捐贈者人數相當有限。
depending on…視…而定as long as…長達…deceased(adj.)死的;死亡的;去世的donor(n.)捐贈者donate(v.)捐贈;捐獻
Nevertheless, some have raised concerns over the concept of xenotransplantation.
然而，有些人對異種移植的概念表達疑慮。
raise or express concerns 提出、表達疑慮
While some fear that an unknown virus may be passed from the animal to humans, others are worried that humans might have certain antibodies that reject pig kidneys.
有些人擔心動物可能會把未知的病毒傳染給人類，也有人擔心人類可能有某些抗體會排斥豬腎。
antibody(n.)抗體reject(v.)(斷然)拒絕、排斥
Animal rights advocates argue that the procedure is unethical.
動物權提倡者則主張，異種移植是不道德的。
advocate(n.)提倡者unethical(adj.)不道德的、不合乎道德標準的
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, the largest animal rights group in the world, believes that the organ shortage can be solved without animal involvement.
世界最大的動物權組織「善待動物組織」（PETA）認為，器官短缺可以在沒有動物參與的情況下解決。
involvement(n.)參與;涉入
Alka Chandna, PETA’s vice president of laboratory investigations cases, told USA Today that the organization strongly disapproves of “the use of sentient animals as warehouses for human spare parts.” “Animals are not spare parts,” she firmly stated.
PETA實驗室研究個案副主任錢德納告訴《今日美國報》，「善待動物組織」強烈反對「使用有感知的動物作為人類器官的備用零件倉庫」。 她堅定地說：「動物不是備用零件」。
disapprove of 反對、不贊成=oppose…=be opposed to…=object to…approve of…支持、贊成sentient(adj.)有知覺力的;有感知的=able to experience feelingsspare parts備用零件parts=component parts零件