尼安德特人基因組測序
Swedish paleogeneticist Svante Paabo has been chosen as the latest recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the DNA of extinct hominids.
瑞典古遺傳學家帕博因研究已滅絕原始人的DNA，而被選為最新的諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎得主。
recipient(n.)得獎人the recipient of the Nobel Prize諾貝爾獎得主extinct(adj.)滅絕的;絕種的hominid(n.)人類;原始人類
Paabo and his team sequenced the complete Neanderthal genome in 2009.
帕博和他的團隊在2009年完成尼安德特人的基因組定序，
sequence(n.)順序;次序(v.)排序、測定(DNA)的序列genome(n.)基因組
They also used a single finger bone to do the same for a Denisovan, another archaic human, the following year.
他們也在次年對原始人類丹尼索瓦人的一隻手指骨進行基因定序。
archaic(adj.)古老的;古代的;原始的an archaic law古代法律
Other groundbreaking studies include research on the molecular evolution of FOX-P2, a gene associated with speech and language, and genetic evidence that early humans interbred with Neanderthals and had children together.
其它開創性的研究包括FOX-P2基因的分子進化研究（FOX-P2是與言語和語言有關的基因），以及早期人類與尼安德特人雜交生子的遺傳證據。
groundbreaking(adj.)開創性的、創新的groundbreaking research開創性的研究associated with...與～有關聯= related to…interbreed-interbred-interbred(使)雜交繁殖
Thomas Perlmann, secretary of the 50-Professor Nobel Assembly, which picks out the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine each year, said that Paabo’s research “breaks new ground in an area that is of profound importance for understanding who we are as humans, and also our physiology.”
諾貝爾大會由50位教授組成，每年選出諾貝爾醫學獎得主，大會秘書珀爾曼表示，帕博的研究「在對理解我們作為人類，以及我們的生理，這個具有深遠意義的領域中，開闢了新天地。」
break new ground開闢新天地;創新;開創新局=break fresh groundof profound importance具有深刻的重要性=profoundly importantphysiology(n.)生理(學);生理機能
The geneticist is considered to be an unusual winner for the honor.
這位遺傳學家被認為是此項殊榮難得的得獎者。
Up until this year, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine had been awarded to studies with tangible medical purposes.
直到今年，諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎一直頒發給具有實際醫學目的的研究。
tangible(adj.)真實的、非想像的、可觸摸的、可感知的
Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello were the last geneticists to win the prize for their discovery of RNA interference in 2006, but paleogenetics, which Paabo pioneered, stands out as a more esoteric — yet growing — application of genetics.
上次獲得諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎的遺傳學家是2006年的費爾和梅洛，他們因發現核醣核酸干擾而獲獎，但帕博開創的古遺傳學研究，因為是更加深奧且不斷擴張的遺傳學應用而格外出眾。
paleogenetics(n.)古遺傳學pioneer(v.)做先鋒、當開拓者、開創stand out 出眾、脫穎而出outstanding(adj.)優秀的;卓越的;出眾的an outstanding performance傑出的表現esoteric(adj.)只有少數人(尤指內行)才懂的
Paabo currently conducts his research as a director at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, having previously pursued and completed postdoctoral research at the University of Zurich in Switzerland and the University of California, Berkeley.
帕博目前在德國萊比錫的馬克斯·普朗克演化人類學研究所擔任主任，他之前曾在瑞士蘇黎世大學和加州大學柏克萊分校進行並完成博士後研究。
having…=and he has…
In a twist of fate few could have penned, Paabo’s father was none other than Swedish biochemist Sune Bergström, himself a recipient of the Nobel Prize in the same field in 1982, who fathered the latest Nobel Prize laureate in an extramarital affair with Paabo’s Estonian mother.
令人意想不到的是，帕博的父親正是瑞典生物化學家伯格斯特龍，他是1982年的諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎得主，與帕博愛沙尼亞籍的母親發生婚外情，生下了這位新科諾貝爾得主。
the twists and turns of fate命運的曲折變化none other than(用於表示吃驚或興奮)竟然;正是father(v.)成為…的父親an extramarital affair婚外情
The story confirmed the truism that the apple never falls far from the tree, or that it runs in the genes.
這個故事證實了虎父無犬子的道理，或這肯定是家族遺傳。
truism(n.)自明之理;不言而喻的話the apple never falls far from the tree有其父必有其子run in the genes=run in the family家族遺傳;世代相傳