找到免疫系統的煞車
Three scientists — Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi — have been awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering how the immune system avoids attacking the body.
三位科學家——布朗科、蘭斯德爾與阪口志文——因發現免疫系統如何避免自體攻擊而榮獲2025年諾貝爾生理醫學獎。
physiology(n.)生理學
Announced by the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, the trio will share 11 million Swedish kronor for their groundbreaking work on “peripheral immune tolerance.”
瑞典卡羅林斯卡學院宣布，他們將共同分享1,100萬瑞典克朗的獎金，以表彰他們在「周邊免疫耐受」研究上的突破性成果。
research institute研究機構trio(n.)三人組groundbreaking(adj.)開創性的;創新的peripheral(adj.)外圍的、周邊的peripheral nervous system周邊神經系統tolerate(v.)忍耐、容忍tolerance(n.)耐受性、容忍(度)
Their research explains how the body keeps harmful immune cells under control while still fighting infections and diseases.
這項研究揭示了人體如何在對抗感染與疾病的同時，控制有害免疫細胞的活動。
out of control失控cell(n.)細胞infect(v.)使感染be infected with~感染、染上(疾病)infection(n.)感染
The immune system relies on T-cells, a type of white blood cell that identifies and destroys harmful microbes or cancer cells.
免疫系統仰賴T細胞運作，這是一種能辨識並摧毀有害微生物或癌細胞的白血球。
rely on依賴、仰賴=depend onwhite blood cell白血球
However, if these T-cells mistakenly target healthy tissues, they can cause autoimmune diseases such as diabetes or multiple sclerosis.
然而，若T細胞誤攻健康組織，就可能引發糖尿病或多發性硬化症等自體免疫疾病。
autoimmune diseases自體免疫疾病multiple sclerosis多發性硬化症
Sakaguchi discovered a group of cells, later named “regulatory T-cells,” which act as the brakes of the immune system. These cells prevent dangerous immune reactions and help maintain balance.
阪口志文發現了一群後來被稱為「調節性T細胞」的細胞，它們就像免疫系統的煞車，能防止危險的免疫反應並維持身體平衡。
act as~充當、扮演～角色=function as~=serve as~put on the brakes踩煞車slam on the brakes猛踩煞車
Brunkow and Ramsdell further identified a gene, FoxP3, that controls the development of these regulatory T-cells.
布朗科與蘭斯戴爾進一步找出一種名為FoxP3的基因，負責控制這些調節性T細胞的生成。
gene(n.)基因genetic(adj.)基因的genetic abnormalities基因異常
Their findings transformed our understanding of how the immune system works and opened new directions in medical research.
他們的發現徹底改變了人們對免疫系統運作的理解，並開啟了醫學研究的新方向。
finding(n.)(正式的)調查發現
Scientists now explore ways to adjust regulatory T-cell activity: increasing them to treat autoimmune diseases or reducing them to help the immune system attack cancer cells more effectively.
科學家們目前正研究如何調整調節性T細胞的活性：增加它們以治療自體免疫疾病，或減少它們以協助免疫系統更有效地攻擊癌細胞。
adjust(v.)調整、使適應
Experts say this discovery will shape the future of medicine for decades.”
專家表示，這項發現將影響未來數十年的醫學發展。
shape(v.)形塑、塑造
With ongoing clinical trials, researchers hope these insights will lead to new treatments that bring hope to patients with immune-related conditions.
隨著臨床試驗持續進行，研究人員希望這些新知能催生更多療法，為免疫相關疾病患者帶來新的希望。
clinical trial臨床試驗insight(n.)洞察力;深刻見解immune-related(adj.)免疫相關的