最高風險警示
South Korea has officially classified Nipah virus as a first-tier infectious disease, requiring immediate reporting and isolation.
南韓正式將立百病毒列入最高級傳染病類別，需立即通報並隔離。
classify…as…將～分類為～tier(n.)層級
This is the first time a new disease has been added to the highest level since the country introduced its four-tier system in 2020.
這是自2020年四級傳染病制度實施以來，首次新增一級傳染疾病。
since(conj.)自從
Although no cases have been reported in South Korea, authorities are acting proactively to prevent the virus from entering the country, particularly given recent outbreaks in India and Bangladesh.
雖然南韓尚未通報病例，但當局積極防範病毒入境，尤其是考量到印度與孟加拉近期的疫情。
proactively(adv.)積極地、主動地prevent…from…避免、防止某事發生particularly(adv.)尤其是=especiallygiven(prep.)考慮到、有鑑於outbreak(n.)(疫情等的)爆發
Nipah virus, first found in Malaysia in 1998, can pass from animals to humans and occasionally between people.
立百病毒於1998年在馬來西亞首次發現，可由動物傳染人類，有時也會人傳人。
spread(v.)傳播occasionally(adv.)偶爾地
Its main carriers are fruit bats and pigs, but infection can also happen through contaminated food, such as fruit exposed to bat saliva.
主要宿主為果蝠與豬，也可能經受污染食物感染，例如沾有果蝠唾液的水果。
carrier(n.)帶原者infect(v.)使感染、infected(adj.)受到感染的、infection(n.)傳染contaminated(adj.)受污染的be exposed to~暴露於、接觸到～
Human-to-human transmission has been recorded via close contact with bodily fluids.
已發生人傳人的案例，通常透過體液密切接觸傳染。
transmit(v.)、transmission(n.)傳播、傳染via(prep.)透過=throughcontact(n.)(v.)接觸、聯絡
With a fatality rate of 40 to 75 percent and no available vaccine or specific treatment, health experts consider it a serious global threat.
致死率高達40%至75%，且尚無疫苗或特效治療，專家認為是全球重大威脅。
fatal(adj.)致命的、fatality(n.)致死fatality rate致死率vaccine(n.)疫苗vaccinate(v.)、vaccination(n.)注射疫苗
Symptoms usually appear 4 to 14 days after infection, starting with fever, headache, and muscle pain.
感染立百病毒後，症狀通常在4至14天出現，包括發燒、頭痛和肌肉疼痛。
sore muscles肌肉酸痛
Severe cases can progress rapidly to encephalitis, seizures, and coma.
重症患者可能迅速進展為腦炎、抽搐及昏迷。
severe(adj.)嚴重的progress(v.)(n.)發展、進展make progress有進步encephalitis(n.)腦炎seizure(n.)抽搐、癲癇發作、(財產)充公;沒收、奪取;佔領coma(n.)昏迷
Survivors of serious infections may experience lasting neurological issues.
嚴重感染的康復者可能出現持續的神經系統問題。
survive(v.)倖存、存活下來survivor(n.)存活者、倖存者neurological(adj.)神經系統的
Previous outbreaks in India and Bangladesh have resulted in hundreds of deaths, with an average fatality rate above 70 percent, which is why the WHO lists Nipah as a priority pathogen with pandemic potential.
印度與孟加拉的歷史疫情造成數百人死亡，平均致死率超過70%，因此世界衛生組織將其列為可能引發全球大流行的「優先病原體」。
result in導致、造成=bring about=give rise to=causepriority(n.)優先(事項)pathogen(n.)病原體pandemic(n.)(全球性)大流行病、疫情epidemic(n.)(區域性)流行病
To mitigate risk, South Korea has strengthened border controls, established advanced diagnostic testing in labs, and required hospitals to report and isolate suspected cases immediately.
為降低風險，南韓已加強邊境管控，在實驗室建立先進檢測系統，並要求醫院對疑似病例立即通報與隔離。
mitigate(v.)減輕、緩和strengthen(v.)加強lab=laboratory(n.)實驗室
Individuals can protect themselves by avoiding contact with bats or pigs, not consuming raw palm sap or contaminated fruit, and practicing good hygiene.
個人可透過避免接觸果蝠或豬、不食用生棕櫚樹液或受污染水果、保持良好衛生習慣來降低感染風險。
consume(v.)吃、喝、攝取consumption(n.)攝取(量)hygiene(n.)衛生