遺傳有利基因
Have you ever heard of the phrase “survival of the fittest”?
你是否聽過「適者生存」這句話？
survival of the fittest=適者生存fit(adj.)合適的
This phrase was said by the famous English biologist Charles Darwin in his book, “On the Origin of Species.”
這句話出自知名英國生物學家達爾文的著作《物種起源》。
biologist(n.)生物學家biology(n.)生物學
In this book, he covers the topic of evolution, a concept he put forward after a five-year journey to study plants, animals and fossils in South America and islands in the Pacific.
在此書中，他論述了生物演化論，這是他歷時五年研究南美洲與太平洋島嶼的動植物與化石後所提出的學說。
cover(v.)涵蓋put forward=提出Various proposals were put forward during the conference.fossil(n.)化石
He noted that all living species change their physical structure over a long period of time in order to form better adaptations to the surrounding environments.
他注意到長期以來，所有物種會為了適應周遭環境而改變生理構造。
species(n.)物種physical(adj.)身體上的;物理上的Regular exercise helps to improve physical strength.in order to...=為了...adaptation(n.)適應adapt(v.)適應Some people are able to adapt to a new working environment more quickly.
“Natural selection,” as he called it, is the natural process in which the species that do not adjust will struggle to survive and likely die out, leaving only the ones fit to thrive in that environment.
他稱這一現象為「物競天擇」，自然界中無法適應的物種將掙扎求生並可能逐漸滅絕，只留下那些適應環境的物種繼續繁衍。
adjust(v.)調整struggle to RV=掙扎;奮鬥;拼搏...survive(v.)生存die out=逐漸消失;滅絕Cultural traditions and customs may die out over time.thrive(v.)茁壯成長;繁榮興旺
And as the better-adapted species thrive, they pass on their advantageous traits to their offspring.
適應環境的物種得以繼續繁衍，它們將自身有利的基因傳承給下一代。
pass on sth. to sb.=傳遞或傳承...給某人advantageous(adj.)有利的;有優勢的trait(n.)特徵;特性A sense of humor is an attractive personality trait.offspring(n.)幼崽;後代;子嗣Mammals take care of their offspring until they are independent.
Jean Baptiste-Lamarck, a French naturalist, gave an example of evolution by discussing the long neck of a giraffe.
法國博物學家拉馬克以長頸鹿的長脖子作為演化的例子。
give an example of sth.=舉出...的例子
He explained that this specific trait was the outcome of giraffes adapting to feed on the leaves of tall trees.
他解釋道，這是長頸鹿為了吃到高處的樹葉而演化的結果。
specific(adj.)特定的;具體的outcome(n.)結果;後果;效果