人類史上第一次
For the first time, a spacecraft has made contact with the Sun. NASA’s Parker Solar Probe has crossed through the Sun’s upper atmosphere and sampled its magnetic fields and particles.
這是人類史上第一次，太空探測器與太陽接觸。美國航空太空總署的帕克太陽探測器已穿過太陽上層大氣（稱為日冕），並對其磁場和粒子進行了採樣。
cross through…穿越過atmosphere(n.)大氣層atmos=vaporsphere=ball, globecorona日冕hemisphere(n.)(尤指地球的)半球the northern／southern hemisphere北／南半球sample(v.)(n.)樣本、採樣magnetic field磁場particle(n.)微粒、粒子particulate matter particles懸浮微粒的粒子
Parker Solar Probe, launched in 2018 to survey the Sun, approached closer to it than any spacecraft has before.
帕克太陽探測器於2018年發射，以觀測太陽，比以往任何太空觀測器都更接近太陽。
Parker Solar Probe帕克太陽探測器(which was) launched…發射survey(v.)探勘;探測
On April 28, 2021, Parker Solar Probe came upon the specific conditions at 8.127 million miles above the solar surface that indicated it had entered the solar atmosphere.
2021年4月28日，帕克太陽探測器在太陽表面上方812.7萬英里處遇到特定的條件，顯示已進入太陽大氣層。
come upon偶然發現;碰上indicate(v.)指出;顯示=show=suggest
The Sun’s superheated atmosphere is made of solar material which is bound to the Sun by gravity and magnetic forces.
太陽溫度極高的大氣層由太陽物質構成，這些物質通過重力和磁力與太陽相連。
superheated(adj.)過熱的;溫度極高的solar material太陽物質be bound to... 與...(緊密)相連gravity(n.)重力
The rising heat and pressure from the Sun push the solar material away until it reaches a point where it’s unable to be contained by gravity and magnetic fields.
來自太陽的不斷上升的熱量和壓力將太陽物質推離，直到無法被重力和磁場所容納的地步。
until(conj.)直到contain(v.)包含;容納
That point, called the Alfven critical surface, is the end of the solar atmosphere and the beginning of the solar wind, which consists of particles from the Sun that can influence Earth.
這個臨界點即為阿爾文臨界面，是太陽大氣層的外緣，以及太陽風的起點，太陽風由來自太陽的粒子組成，會影響到地球。
the Alfven critical surface阿爾文臨界面consist of…(恆為主動)由…組成=be made up of=be composed of…
During the flyby, Parker Solar Probe passed in and out of the atmosphere several times. This signified that the Alfven critical surface doesn’t have an even surface like a smooth ball.
在飛越過程中，帕克太陽探測器多次進出日冕，這意味著阿爾文臨界面沒有像光滑球體那樣的平坦表面。
flyby(n.)(尤指太空船的)近天體飛行signify(v.)代表;意味著=mean
Instead, its surface is full of spikes and valleys.
相反地，它既有突起的區域，也有低窪山谷一樣的結構。
instead(adv.)相反地spike(n.)尖頭;尖刺;(尤指金屬的)尖狀物valley(n.)谷;山谷;溪谷
Finding out where these points line up with solar activity occurring on the surface can offer clues as to how events on the Sun affect the atmosphere and solar wind.
如果科學家們能夠弄清楚這些突起與發生在表面的太陽活動在何處對齊，他們將能夠更了解太陽上的事件如何影響大氣和太陽風。
line up with 與…對齊clue(n.)線索as to…=regarding…=about…關於
As more flybys are scheduled for the future, this new milestone is only the first of many.
未來NASA將進行更多的飛躍計畫，這只是眾多里程碑中的第一個。
milestone(n.)里程碑
Gathering information about solar phenomena is crucial for understanding the Sun’s influence on the solar system, as well as forecasting significant space weather events that can damage satellites around Earth and affect telecommunications.
太陽現象資訊的蒐集將有助於了解太陽對太陽系的影響，以及預測可能損壞地球周圍衛星，並影響電信通訊的重大太空天氣事件。
phenomenon(n.)(單數)現象複數型phenomenacrucial(adj.)至關重要的=importantas well as…除了..之外=in addition to…satellite(n.)衛星telecommunications(n.)電信通訊the telecommunications industry電訊業