不抽菸的人也中彈
Ms. Jane Doe, a 58-year-old breakfast joint operator, had been plagued by lower back pain for a year before seeking medical attention at a hospital. It turned out that she was a victim of lung adenocarcinoma, a form of lung cancer.
一位58歲的女性，平時經營連鎖早餐店，一年來深受下背痛之苦，終於到醫院檢查，居然診斷出罹患肺腺癌，也就是肺癌的一種。
plague(v.)折磨
Her illness had progressed to stage 4 and spread to her bones, which accounted for her back pain. Fortunately, her tumors responded to targeted therapy and shrank accordingly.
她的癌症已經到了第四期，擴散至骨頭，就是造成她下背痛的原因。萬幸的是，標靶藥物對她的腫瘤有效，使腫瘤逐漸縮小。
account for某事存在或發生的原因tumor(n.)腫瘤respond(v.)做出反應
This case is typical of many patients suffering from the disease. It is only through regular checkups and an understanding of the risk factors and symptoms, some of which are admittedly rather murky, that the chance of survival can be maximized.
這個案例是肺腺癌的典型病況，只有定期檢查才能了解此病症的可能因素與症狀，因為有些症狀實在不明顯，透過檢查發現，才能讓生存率最大化。
admittedly(adv.)不可否認murky(adj.)不清楚的maximize(v.)使最大化
Yao Zhi-wei, a lung specialist at Chang-an Hospital, said that lung cancer exhibits few, if any, symptoms in its early stages, often until the cancerous cells have spread too far.
長安醫院胸腔科醫師姚智偉表示，早期肺癌幾乎沒有症狀，等到發現時癌細胞已嚴重擴散。
exhibit(v.)展示
When symptoms do occur, approximately 70% of cases have already reached a locally advanced stage, or the cells have metastasized, or spread, to other parts of the body.
當出現症狀時，大約70％的案例都已經到了後期，或是出現癌細胞轉移、擴散到身體其他部分等情況。
metastasize(v.)（癌細胞）轉移
He also noted that lung adenocarcinoma is a fairly common disease among Taiwanese people and may strike those with no history of smoking. The disease may be related to environmental factors such as air pollution and cooking fumes, as well as one’s genetic makeup, although the evidence is too inconclusive to establish a causal link.
他點出，肺腺癌在台灣常常發生在不抽菸的人身上，雖然尚無證據定調，但這項疾病可能與環境因素有關，比方空氣污染與烹飪時的油煙，另外與基因組成也有關聯。
strike(v.)襲擊fumes(n.)有害的煙inconclusive(adj.)無定論的in-(prefix)（加在形容詞及由形容詞轉化而來的詞前）不，無，非causal link因果關係
Research also revealed that lung adenocarcinoma shares a number of symptoms with other forms of lung cancer, including shortness of breath, coughing up blood, and fatigue.
研究者們也透露，肺腺癌與其他種類的癌症有幾個相同症狀，包含呼吸困難、咳血及疲憊。
Some of them may be difficult to recognize, as they are often very subtle at first and thus dismissed. For instance, difficulty in breathing may be mistakenly attributed to lack of exercise or simply aging.
有些症狀很難判斷，因為可能最初症狀不明顯，便被忽略。比方說，大家常會誤以為是缺乏運動或單純老化導致呼吸困難。
subtle(adj.)不明顯的dismiss(v.)不予理會attribute to把某事情歸因於～
Yao also reminded us that tumors may spread to areas around the spine and cause direct pressure on the nerves of the spine.
姚智偉也提醒，腫瘤可能或擴散到脊椎附近的區塊，對脊椎與神經造成直接壓迫。
The resulting back pain is present at rest and worsens when one lies down or takes a deep breath. Regular physical examinations are recommended to ensure that the disease can be caught early.
該情況造成的背痛，會在靜止不動時出現，在躺下及深呼吸時加劇。只有經常檢查，才能早期發現肺腺癌。
at rest靜止