旅遊業負面影響
A new criminal code which bans sex outside of marriage was passed by Indonesia’s parliament on December 6.
印尼國會於12月6日通過刑法修正案，禁止婚外性行為。
parliament(n.)議會;國會
Although the code will not be legally enforced for another three years, when implementation regulations have been drafted, critics are already panning the new laws for being potentially detrimental to the tourism industry and investment by foreign companies.
雖然刑法修正案三年後才會生效，但在研擬實施細則時，批評者已開始嚴厲批評新法可能對旅遊業和外商投資產生不利影響。
enforce(v.)(強制)實行;執行=carry out=impose=implementimplementation(n.)實施;實行regulation(n.)細則;條例draft(n.)草案(v.)草擬;起草pan(v.)嚴厲批評detrimental(adj.)對⋯⋯有害的、不利的
Originally introduced in 2019, but withdrawn from consideration due to nationwide protests against it, the new 2022 criminal code represents a diluted version of the initial draft.
這項於2022年通過的刑法修正案最初於2019年提出，但由於全國抗議，被撤銷審議，新通過的修正案為原始版草案的弱化版本。
withdraw(v.)撤退、提款、撤回、撤銷(withdraw-withdrew-withdrawn)dilute(v.)稀釋;沖淡、減緩;減輕;緩衝
Many of the laws focus on enforcing morality and limiting personal freedoms, and will be applied to Indonesians and foreigners alike.
新版修正案條例側重強化道德和限制個人自由，並將同樣適用於印尼人和外國人。
apply(v.)實施(法律);適用於
Among them, extramarital sex and “cohabitation between unmarried couples” will be banned.
其中，婚外性行為和「未婚同居」將被禁止。
cohabitation(n.)同居=living in the same house
Additionally, insulting the president or state institutions, spreading views opposing state ideology and “staging protests without notification” will be illegal.
此外，侮辱總統或國家機構、傳播反對國家意識形態的觀點，以及「未經報備就舉行抗議活動」都將是非法的。
ideology(n.)意識形態stage protests舉行抗議without notification未通知、未報備
With punishment of up to one year in jail for having sex outside of marriage, many believe that such draconian laws will negatively affect tourism, especially on the island of Bali.
由於婚外性行為最高可判處一年監禁，許多人認為如此苛刻的法律會對旅遊業產生負面影響，尤其是峇厘島的旅遊業。
draconian(adj.)(法律、政府措施)苛刻的;嚴厲的=harsh
In the words of Maulana Yusran, the deputy chief of Indonesia’s tourism industry board, the passage of the new criminal code is “totally counter-productive” to the country’s goal of reinvigorating tourism in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
印尼旅遊委員會副主席尤斯蘭表示，刑法修正案的通過「完全適得其反」，不利於印尼在新冠疫情後振興旅遊業的目標。
passage(n.)(尤指新法律的)通過counter(-)productive(adj.)産生相反效果的;産生相反作用的;事與願違的;適得其反的productive(adj.)多產的、富有成效的reinvigorate(v.)給⋯⋯恢復活力、使⋯⋯再振作、使復甦
Many believe that these laws will affect foreign investment.
許多人認為這些法律將影響外國投資。
On this topic, US Ambassador to Indonesia Sung Kim has said: “Criminalizing the personal decisions of individuals would loom large within the decision matrix of many companies determining whether to invest in Indonesia.”
關於這個話題，美國駐印尼大使金星容曾表示，將個人行為定為犯罪的舉動，將是許多公司考量投資與否的重要因素之一。
criminalize(v.)判定…為非法;將…定為犯罪行為loom large 顯得突出、變得嚴重decision matrix 決策矩陣
On a larger scale, some see these new laws as “not only a setback but a death for Indonesia’s democracy,” with serious repercussions for both Indonesians as well as foreign citizens living and working in the country.
從更宏觀的角度來看，有些人認為這些新法律「不僅是印尼民主的挫敗，而且是死亡」，會為印尼人以及在印尼生活和工作的外國公民帶來嚴重影響。
repercussion(n.)(負面)影響、後果=consequence
Although lawmakers view these sweeping reforms as a victory in overturning the country’s colonial-era criminal code, critics say that the new laws “could impact the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms in Indonesia” and have “grave concerns” about their enforcement.
儘管立法者將這些全面改革視為一大勝利，推翻了印尼殖民時代的刑法，但批評者表示，新法「可能為在印尼行使人權和基本自由帶來衝擊」，並對這些法律的執行表示「嚴重關切」。
colonial era殖民時代grave(adj.)嚴重的、重大的、嚴峻的