擾亂供應鏈
Oil and gas prices are predicted to spike further as the Ukraine crisis escalates, but energy won’t be the only market affected.
隨著烏克蘭危機升級，預計石油和天然氣價格將進一步飆升，但能源不會是唯一受影響的市場。
spike(v.)(n.)(價格)暴漲、激增=surgeinflation spikes通膨飆升escalate(v.)加劇;越演越烈=intensify
Ukraine is seen as the “breadbasket of Europe,” and the invasion may result in major disruptions to the food supply chain.
烏克蘭被視為「歐洲的糧倉」，入侵將導致食物供應鏈嚴重中斷。
result in=bring about=cause=give rise to=lead to=造成;導致food supply chain食品供應鏈
On top of that, Russia and Ukraine are also big suppliers of metals and other commodities.
此外，俄羅斯和烏克蘭也是金屬和其他商品的主要供應國。
on top of that除此之外=in additionsupplier(n.)供應商;供應國commodity(n.)(可數)商品、貨物goods(n.)(恆為複數)商品;貨物merchandise(n.)(不可數)商品;貨物
Ukraine produces the corn, wheat, barley and rye that much of Europe relies on.
歐洲大部分地區所依賴的玉米、小麥、大麥和黑麥都是由烏克蘭生產。
barley(n.)大麥rye(n.)黑麥;裸麥rye bread裸麥麵包rely on…仰賴;依賴=depend on…
Many nations in the Middle East and Africa also depend on Ukrainian wheat and corn, and disruptions to that supply could potentially lead to food insecurity in those regions, said Dawn Tiura, president at Sourcing Industry Group.
採購工業集團總裁Dawn Tiura表示，中東和非洲的許多國家也依賴烏克蘭供應小麥和玉米，供應中斷恐導致這些地區發生糧食危機。
food insecurity糧食供應不穩food shortage糧食短缺food security糧食安全
“China is also a big recipient of Ukrainian corn — in fact, Ukraine replaced the US as China’s top corn supplier in 2021,” she said.
她說：「中國也進口大量烏克蘭玉米——事實上，烏克蘭早在2021年就取代美國成為中國最大的玉米供應國。」
recipient(n.)接受者;領受者the Nobel Peace Prize recipient諾貝爾和平獎的得主in fact事實上=as a matter of factreplace…as…取代…成為…
Recently, food inflation has been rising, and an armed conflict could further add fuel to the fire.
最近，食品通膨加劇，武裝衝突可能進一步火上加油。
inflation(n.)通膨deflation(n.)通貨緊縮arms(n.)武器an armed conflict武裝衝突add fuel to the fire火上加油、雪上加霜
Per Hong, senior partner at consulting firm Kearney, said, “Rising food prices would only be exacerbated with additional price shocks, especially if core agricultural areas in Ukraine are seized by Russian loyalists.”
美國科爾尼諮詢公司的高級合夥人洪恩表示：「食品價格上漲只會隨著更多對價格的衝擊而加劇，尤其是如果烏克蘭的核心農業區被親俄勢力佔領。」
consulting firm諮詢公司exacerbate(v.)使惡化、使加重、使加劇=make worse=worsen=aggravateloyalist(n.)支持政府者loyal(adj.)忠誠的;忠實的
Russia is also the world’s top wheat exporter.
俄羅斯也是世界最大的小麥出口國。
exporter(n.)出口商;出口國
Together, Russia and Ukraine account for around 29% of the global wheat export market.
俄羅斯和烏克蘭合計佔全球小麥出口市場的29％左右。
account for…佔…比例=make up=comprise=form=constitute
Additionally, any disruptions to the natural gas supply will affect the production of energy-intensive products such as fertilizers, dealing another blow to the agriculture sector.
此外，天然氣供應的任何中斷都將影響肥料等能源密集型產品的生產，對農業部門造成又一次打擊。
additionally=in addition此外energy-intensive能源密集的labor-intensive勞力密集的capital-intensive資本密集的technology-intensive 技術密集的deal a blow to...打擊
Last year, Russia was the largest supplier of natural gas and oil to the European Union.
去年，俄羅斯是歐盟最大的天然氣和石油供應國。
Over the years, Ukraine has gradually increased its exports and is now a large provider of raw materials, chemical products and machinery.
近年來，烏克蘭逐漸增加出口，現已成為原物料、化工產品和機械的供應大國。
raw materials原物料
Russia also has control of roughly 10% of global copper reserves and is a major producer of nickel and platinum.
俄羅斯還控制著全球約10％的銅儲量，而且是鎳和鉑的主要生產國。
roughly(adv.)大約;大概=about=around=approximatelyreserves(n.)貯藏(物);儲備(物);備用(物)food reserves糧食儲備oil reserves石油儲量nickel(n.)鎳platinum(n.)鉑;白金
According to Hong, “The US chip industry heavily relies on Ukrainian-sourced neon, and Russia also exports a number of elements critical to the manufacturing of semiconductors, jet engines, automobiles and medicine.”
洪恩指出，「美國晶片製造業高度依賴向烏克蘭採購的半導體材料氖，俄羅斯還出口許多對半導體、噴射機引擎、汽車和醫藥製造至關重要的元素。」
source(v.)採購;從…獲取locally sourced produce本地產的農產品neon(n.)氖a neon light霓虹燈critical to…=key to…important to…