負債累累的政府
Global debt hit a record high of $226 trillion in 2020, raising concerns about debt sustainability as interest rates rise, according to the International Monetary Fund.
IMF指出，2020年全球債務達到創紀錄的226兆美元，隨著利率上升，引發債務可持續的疑慮。
raise concerns引起關注;引發疑慮debt sustainability債務可持續sustainability(n.)可持續;持續性sustainable(adj.)可持續的;可以永續的sustain(v.)維持;支撐;支持
The IMF’s Global Debt Database revealed that global debt rose by 28 percentage points to 256% of GDP in 2020, the biggest one-year surge since World War II.
IMF全球債務資料庫顯示，2020年全球債務佔GDP的比例上升28個百分點，達到256％，這是二次大戰以來最大的一年漲幅。
reveal(v.)顯示;展現=showpercentage points百分點surge(n.)暴漲;大幅增加
Government borrowing accounted for slightly more than half of the $28 trillion increase. Private debt from non-financial corporations and households also hit new highs.
政府的借款在增加的28兆美元中所佔比例略為超過一半。非金融企業和家庭的民間債務也創下新高。
account for佔～(比例或數量)
“Debt was already elevated going into the crisis, but now governments must navigate a world of record-high public and private debt levels, new virus mutations and rising inflation,” the IMF said.
IMF表示：「債務水準已經升高，進入危機，但是現在各國政府必須應付一個公共和民間債務水準創紀錄、新的病毒變種和通膨上升的世界。」
elevate(v.)提升;提高;改進elevator(n.)電梯navigate(v.)導航;航行;航海、應付(困難處境)to navigate these tricky political situations應付這些棘手的政治局勢mutate(v.)mutation(n.)(生物體的)突變;變異
Loose monetary conditions combined with fiscal stimulus and pandemic-related supply chain disruptions have pushed inflation in a number of countries to multi-decade highs. In the US, consumer prices in November rose at their fastest pace in 39 years.
寬鬆的貨幣環境，加上財政刺激措施和與疫情相關的供應鏈中斷，已經把有些國家的通膨推升至幾十年來的高點。美國11月消費者物價出現39年來最大漲幅。
combined with加上fiscal stimulus財政刺激措施stimulus(n.)刺激(物);促進因素
High inflation has piled pressure on a number of central banks to pivot towards tightening monetary policies. The Federal Reserve decided to accelerate the reduction of its monthly bond purchases, paving the way for interest rates to rise sooner.
高通膨給一些央行帶來壓力，迫使它們轉向緊縮貨幣政策。美國聯準會決定加速縮減每月債券購買規模，為提早升息做好準備。
pivot(v.)策略轉向pave the way for 為…鋪路;為…做好準備
IMF Fiscal Affairs Director Vitor Gaspar said that interest rate hikes will diminish the effect of increased fiscal spending, and cause growing debt sustainability concerns.
IMF財政事務主任加斯帕爾表示，升息會降低增加財政支出的效果，引起債務可持續的擔憂增加。
interest rate hikes升息diminish(v.)減少;減小;降低
“The risks will be magnified if global interest rates rise faster than expected and growth falters,” the IMF officials, led by Gaspar, wrote.
加斯帕爾帶領的IMF官員寫道：「如果全球利率上升速度超出預期，成長減弱，那麼風險將擴大。」
magnify(v.)放大;擴大falter(v.)衰退;衰落
“A significant tightening of financial conditions would heighten the pressure on the most highly indebted governments, households, and firms. If the public and private sectors are forced to deleverage simultaneously, growth prospects will suffer.”
「金融情況大幅緊縮，負債累累的政府、家庭和公司的壓力將增加。如果公共和民間部門被迫同時減少債務，成長前景會受挫。」
indebted(adj.)負債的deleverage(v.)減少債務leverage(n.)槓桿