超車日本
The International Monetary Fund’s recent World Economic Outlook report forecasts a change near the top of the world’s largest economy rankings, with Germany projected to overtake Japan this year as the third-largest economy in the world.
國際貨幣基金組織（IMF）最近的《世界經濟展望》報告預測，世界最大經濟體排名前幾名可能會有變化，預計德國將在今年超越日本，成為世界第三大經濟體。
forecast(v.)預測
According to experts, the “fundamental differences in monetary policy” between the two nations are the main causes of this swap in positions between the current third- and fourth-largest world economies.
專家們表示，這兩個國家之間的「貨幣政策的根本差異」是導致目前世界第三和第四大經濟體地位互換的主因。
fundamental(adj.)根本的;基本的fundamental human rights基本人權swap(n.)交換;互換
With inflation rife during the post-pandemic period, the European Central Bank and the Bank of Japan have taken divergent approaches to their handling of this issue.
由於疫情後通貨膨脹嚴重，歐洲央行和日本央行在處理這個問題上採取了相異的方法。
inflation(n.)通貨膨脹deflation(n.)通貨緊縮rife(adj.)充滿的;充斥的;盛行的widespread(adj.)廣泛的;普遍的divergent(adj.)分歧的、相異的、背道而馳的take divergent approaches採用了相異的方法=adopt very different methodshandle(v.)解決=tackle
The ECB, for instance, has taken a similar approach as the United States Federal Reserve, which has involved raising interest rates to mitigate inflation.
例如，歐洲央行採取了類似美聯準的方法，即提高利率來減緩通膨。
raise interest rates升息mitigate(v.)減輕、緩和=alleviate=reduce=lessen
In contrast, the BOJ has “stayed in stimulus mode as it looks to nurture price growth after years of deflation.”
相比之下，日本央行則「保持刺激模式，以在通貨緊縮多年後促進物價成長。」
in contrast相比之下=by contraststimulus(n.)刺激nurture(v.)促進=boost
For Japan, these central bank policies have not only weakened the value of the yen against the euro and the US dollar but the overall monetary value of the country’s economy as well.
對於日本來說，央行的這些政策不僅削弱了日元兌歐元及美元的價值，也削弱了該國經濟的整體貨幣價值。
weaken(v.)使變弱;使走弱strengthen(v.)使增強;使走強against(prep.)兌;兌換
Currently, the yen is around “the 160 mark against the euro and remains within striking distance of the 33-year low against the dollar.”
目前，日元兌歐元的匯率約在「160關卡」，兌美元的匯率仍相當接近33年來的最低點。
within striking distance 距離很近、近在咫尺、唾手可得
Along with this currency deflation, Japan’s nominal gross domestic product is also projected to decrease by 0.2% from last year’s total.
在貨幣通縮的同時，日本的名目國內生產毛額（GDP）預計也將比去年總值減少0.2%。
nominal gross domestic product名目國內生產毛額
Nominal GDP “is the total market value of all goods and services produced in a country’s economy over a given period” and “is affected by price fluctuations.”
名目GDP「是一個經濟體在一定期間內生產的所有商品和服務的市場總值」，且「受價格波動影響」。
fluctuation(n.)波動=ups and downsfluctuations in share prices股價的波動fluctuations in the exchange rate匯率的波動
The IMF uses this measurement to rank the world’s largest economies.
IMF使用這個指標來對世界最大的經濟體進行排名。
measurement(n.)測量(的結果)、指標indicator(n.)指標
As opposed to Japan’s slipping nominal GDP, Germany’s is forecast to increase by 8.4% to $4.43 trillion this year, surpassing Japan’s $4.23 trillion nominal GDP and placing the European nation behind China — the world’s current second-largest economy.
相對於日本名目GDP的下滑，德國今年的名目GDP預計將增長8.4%，達到4.43兆美元，超越日本4.23兆美元的名目GDP，使德國排在中國──目前世界第二大經濟體──之後。
as opposed to 相對於surpass(v.)超越、超過
According to the IMF, Germany’s economy is expected to experience “steadier long-term growth.”
根據IMF的說法，德國經濟預計將經歷「更穩定的長期成長。」
steady(adj.)穩定的
Therefore, Japan will look to alter its policies to help “regain the ground” its economy has “lost over the past 20 or 30 years.”
因此，日本預計將改變其政策，以幫助「收復」其經濟「在過去20或30年中失去的地位。」
regain the ground=recover or reclaim the economic position恢復或重拾經濟地位