善用鐵粉的能力
In marketing, the term “franchising” refers to a strategy for business expansion where a company grants others the right to market its products or services.
在行銷學中，franchising指的是一種商業擴張的策略，一家公司會賦予其他人為它的產品或服務行銷的權利。
marketing (n.)行銷marketer (n.)行銷人員fashion marketing 時尚行銷term (n.)字詞,學期refer (v.)指涉strategy (n.)策略expand your knowledge 擴展你的知識grant (v.)給予
In the film entertainment industry, franchise movies feature stories that take place in the same fictional realm, whereas a standalone movie is one that is not affiliated with any other imagined universe.
在電影娛樂界，franchise movies（系列電影）指述說發生在相同虛構世界的故事的電影，而standalone movie（獨立電影）是指不隸屬於任何虛構宇宙的電影。
entertainment (n.)娛樂live entertainment 現場娛樂industry (n.)產業界,工業fashion industry 時尚產業feature (v.)(n.)以…為特色,特色take place=happen 發生,舉行whereas (conj.)然而affiliate A to B A 隸屬於B
Movie franchises often started out as standalone movies.
系列電影通常一開始都是獨立電影。
start out開始
Depending on market reception, movie studios gauge whether to further develop an independent movie into a movie series by adding extra installments, such as prequels, sequels, spin-offs, or remakes.
根據市場反應，電影公司會判斷是否要進一步藉由增加額外片段，像是前傳、續集、外傳或重製，來發展成系列電影。
depend on 依賴,取決於gauge測量,判斷further (adv.)更進一步
In fact, most of the highest-grossing films to date are franchise films.
事實上，到目前為止大部分高票房電影都是系列電影。
gross (v.)(adj.)) 總共賺得,總共,噁心to date=up to now 到目前為止
Critics have mostly attributed the financial success of the franchise model to its ability to tap into a solid, established fan base.
影評大都將系列電影模式的票房成功歸功於它善用鐵粉的能力。
critic (n.)評論家attribute A to B 把A歸咎於Bfinancial (adj.)財物的,金融的finance (n.)金融
Namely, viewers who enjoy the existing films in a series are far more likely to watch films where familiar characters are reprised in the shared narrative.
也就是說，喜歡現有系列電影的觀眾極有可能收看由熟悉角色再次演出的共同故事電影。
namely=that is to say 也就是說existing (adj.)現有的,現存的exist (v.)存在be likely to V 很有可能去做某事reprise (v.)再次演出
This is also the reason why properties with considerable popularity in other categories, like novels, comics, video games, etc., are often adapted into movie franchises, such as Harry Potter or The Hunger Games.
這也是為何其他像是小說、漫畫、電玩等高人氣作品經常被改編成系列電影，像是哈利波特和飢餓遊戲。
considerable (adj.)相當大的,相當多的adapt (v.)改編adaptation (n.)改編作品