消費者物價上漲
Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell said that a recent surge in consumer prices is bigger than expected, but reiterated that the increase is likely transitory.
聯準會主席鮑爾表示，最近消費者物價上漲幅度大於預期，但是他重申，這種漲幅可能是暫時現象。
surge(n.)(v.)大幅上漲;急遽上升reiterate(v.)反覆說;重申transitory (adj.)短暫的;稍縱即逝的=temporary
Powell attributed most of the surge in inflation to factors closely tied to the economic reopening.
鮑爾把通膨飆升的大部分原因歸咎於跟經濟重啟密切相關的因素。
attribute…to… 把...歸因於…be tied to與…相關、被束縛、限制
“A pretty substantial part, or perhaps all of the overshoot in inflation, comes from categories that are directly affected by the re-opening of the economy, such as used cars and trucks,” Powell said in response to a question before the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis.
鮑爾在回答眾議院新冠肺炎危機特別小組委員會提出的問題時說：「相當大一部分，或者可能所有通膨超標都是來自於二手車和卡車等直接受到經濟重啟影響的類別。」
overshoot(n.)超過;超越;過量
The Fed chair said in a testimony that recent price gains mostly reflected base effects and supply bottlenecks stemming from the pandemic. But he emphasized that shortages of many things from used cars to computer chips and workers will subside over time.
聯準會主席在證詞中表示，最近物價上漲主要反映基期效應和疫情造成的供應瓶頸。但是他強調，從二手車到電腦晶片和人工等許多東西短缺將隨著時間消退。
testimony(n.)證詞;證言testify(v.)作證base effects 基期效應stem from 源自;由…造成shortage(n.)缺乏、缺少subside(v.)(狀況)趨於平緩、平息
“Those are things that we would look to stop going up and ultimately to start to decline as these situations resolve themselves,” Powell said. “They don’t speak to a broadly tight economy and to the kind of thing that has led to high inflation over time.
鮑爾說：「隨著這些情況解決，我們希望這些東西停止上漲，最後開始下降。」「它們並不能說明經濟情況普遍吃緊，也不能說明導致長期高通膨的原因。」
“I will say that these effects have been larger than we expected and they may turn out to be more persistent than we expected. But the incoming data are very much consistent with the view that these are factors that will wane over time and that inflation will then move down toward our goals.”
「我要說的是，這些影響比我們預期的更大，結果可能比我們預期的更久。但即將出爐的資料非常符合這樣的觀點，也就是這些因素將隨著時間減弱，通膨會朝著我們的目標回落。」
persistent(adj.)持續的、持久的、堅持不懈的a persistent cough 一直咳嗽consistent(adj.)一貫的、始終如一的a consistent improvement 一直改進wane(v.)衰減;減弱
Consumer prices rose in May by 5% compared with May of 2020, marking the biggest year-over-year gain since August 2008.
5月份的消費者物價比2020年5月上漲5％，是2008年8月以來與去年同期相比最大漲幅。
year-over-year去年同期相比
Fed officials responded to increasing inflation risks by anticipating at least two rate hikes in 2023, sooner than they expected back in March, while also kicking off a discussion of tapering of the central bank’s bond-buying program at their policy meeting.
聯準會官員因應通膨風險上升，預計2023年將至少升息兩次，比3月份的預估提早了，同時還在政策會議上開始討論縮減購債計畫。
rate hikes 升息kick off開球、開始taper(v.)逐漸變窄、減少