敵人還是朋友
Human activities pose a tremendous threat to many wild animals.
人類活動對很多野生動物造成巨大的威脅。
threat (n.)威脅 pose a threat to sb. 對某人造成威脅threaten (v.)威脅
In Africa, due to severe poaching and human activities, the elephant population has shrunken dramatically over the past decade.
在非洲，由於嚴重的盜獵和人類活動，大象數量在過去十年中大幅地縮減。
poaching (n.)盜獵現在完成式 have(has) +過去分詞population (n.) 人口數量,動物總數increase, grow 增加decline, decrease, shrink減少shrink-shrank-shrunk(shrunken)
Therefore, being able to tell friends from foes is an important ability for these gentle giants.
因此，有分辨朋友和敵人的能力對這些溫柔的巨人來說是很重要的。
gentle (adj.)溫和的giant (n.)巨人
One research team led by Professor McComb, who is an expert on animal behavior, discovered that African elephants can use human voice cues to predict if they might hurt the herd.
麥肯教授是一名動物行為專家，他領導的研究團隊發現非洲象可以用人類聲音的線索來預測他們是否可能傷害象群。
predict (v.)預測herd (n.)一群動物
Maasai farmers often come into contact with elephants when they try to obtain water or herd their cattle, during which conflicts often occur, resulting in some elephants being speared.
當馬賽族農夫要取水或放牧時常常會跟大象接觸，在那時候衝突常常發生，造成大象被刺傷。
come into contact 接觸obtain(v.)獲得,取得herd (v.)放牧cattle(n.)牛群result in導致,造成 result from+原因
In contrast, the Kamba people rely mostly on agriculture for their livelihood; hence, they typically do not come into conflict with elephants.
相反地，坎巴族人大都依賴農業為生；因此，他們通常都不會跟大象起衝突。
in contrast 相反地rely on=depend on 依賴typically (adv.)通常=usually=normally
Past studies have shown that African elephants demonstrate fear when they see red-colored clothing, which is often worn by Maasai men.
過去研究顯示非洲象在看到馬賽男人常穿的紅色衣服時會出現害怕的行為。
demonstrate (v.) 示範,表露出來
In this study, researchers found that elephants can distinguish between both ethnic and age groups based on voice cues.
在這個研究中，研究人員發現大象可以根據聲音線索來分辨民族和年齡。
distinguish (v.) 分辨,區別ethnic (adj.)族群的
They behaved more defensively when hearing Maasai adult males, and less so when they heard voices of Maasai children or Kamba voices.
牠們聽到馬賽男性成年人時表現得較有防禦性，而聽到馬賽孩童或坎巴人的聲音時比較不會這樣。
defensively (adv.)有防禦性地