基因決定你是「晨型人」
If you find yourself being more alert in the evening and feeling extra groggy when the sun rises, it’s not totally because of your lifestyle choices.
如果你發現自己在晚上比較有精神，早上起不來常賴床，這並不盡然與你的生活型態選擇有關，
alert(adj.)機警的、機敏的、敏捷的=sharpgroggy (adj.)(因疲憊或生病而)頭腦昏沈的、暈眩無力的dizzy(adj.)暈眩的
A new study found that there are hundreds of genes that determine whether a person is prone to be an early bird or a night owl.
有項新研究發現，有數百種基因會決定一個人會成為「早起的鳥兒」或「夜貓子」。
determine(v.)決定;影響be prone to RV 有～傾向=be inclined to RV=tend to RV=have a tendency to RV= have an inclination to RV
An international team of researchers identified 351 genetic factors that influence whether people prefer mornings or evenings.
一個國際研究小組發現影響人們偏好早晨或夜晚的基因共有351種，
genetic(adj.)基因的influence(v.)(深遠)影響affect(v.)(一般)影響
Having observed around 70,000 human genomes, the scientists found that some genes not only regulate the human body clock, but also affect how their brain and the retinal tissue in their eyes respond to daylight.
科學家們在觀察約7萬組人類基因後發現，有些基因不僅可以調節人體生理時鐘，而且會影響他們的大腦和眼睛視網膜組織對日光的反應。
Having observed…=After they had observed…genome(n.)基因組not only…but (also)…不僅…而且…regulate(v.)控制、管理、調節、調整body clock生理時鐘=circadian rhythm(晝夜節律)retinal tissue視網膜組織
This new finding may help explain how our brains use light to daily “reset” and align our body clock with the Earth’s cycle, given that our human body clock cycle is slightly longer than the 24-hour daily cycle.
這個新發現可能有助於解釋，我們的大腦如何使用光來每天「重置」並讓生理時鐘和地球的週期保持一致，因為我們的生理時鐘週期比每日24小時週期還來得長一些。
align(v.)使成一條線、使對準、與⋯⋯保持一致、與⋯⋯結盟
“It could be that these genes in the eye help morning people detect light and ‘reset’ their body clock more effectively,” said Michael Weedon, an author of the study and an associate professor at the University of Exeter Medical School in the UK.
該研究的其中一位作者、英國埃克塞特大學醫學院副教授韋登表示，視網膜基因可能有助晨型人更有效地感知光線，並「重置」他們的生理時鐘。
detect(v.)偵測;察覺;感知effectively(adv.)有效地
Another significant finding of the study is that early birds may have better mental health than night owls.
該研究的另一重要發現是晨型人的心理可能比夜貓子們更健康，
mental health心理健康
By cross-referencing the 351 identified genetic factors against genes associated with some mental health conditions, Weedon and his colleagues found that morning people have lower risks for both schizophrenia and depression.
透過交叉比對351個影響生理時鐘的基因以及與某些心理疾病相關的基因，韋登和他的同事們發現，晨型人罹患精神分裂和憂鬱症的機率較低。
cross-reference(v.)交叉比對;互相參照(cross-reference A against B)be associated with~和…有關=be related to~schizophrenia(n.)精神分裂depression(n.)憂鬱症
“One speculative explanation for this is that morning people are better aligned with a 9-to-5-type society,” Weedon said.
韋登推測，原因可能是晨型人比較能夠適應朝九晚五的生活型態。
speculative(adj.)猜測的;推測的;推斷的speculate(v.)推測;猜測hypothetical(adj.)假設的hypothesis(n.)假設;假說be aligned with~和…一致=be in line with~