長達17年
A study conducted by experts at the University of Washington discovered that crows can “hold grudges for up to 17 years” against individual humans.
華盛頓大學的專家進行的一項研究發現，烏鴉可以對特定的人類「記恨長達17年」。
conduct(v.)進行=carry outexpert(n.)專家、expertise(n.)專業知識
Such a finding proves that the birds have both impressive memories and the ability to transmit knowledge to other members of their communities as well as younger generations of crows.
這一發現證明了烏鴉擁有驚人的記憶力，並能夠將知識傳遞給族群中的其他成員以及年輕一代的烏鴉。
impressive(adj.)(因特殊、重要或巨大而)給人留下深刻印象的、驚人的impressed(adj.)(人)感到印象深刻的transmit(v.)傳遞、傳輸generation gap代溝
The study began in 2006 when environmental scientist and university professor John Marzluff wore a scary mask while temporarily trapping seven crows.
這項研究始於2006年，當時環境科學家、大學教授約翰·馬茲盧夫戴著恐怖面具，暫時誘捕七隻烏鴉。
environmental(adj.)環境的environmental protection環保trap(v.)誘捕(n.)誘捕
The birds were tagged with leg rings before being released at the university.
這些烏鴉在大學被放生前被裝上腳環。
tag(n.)(v.)(貼)標籤release(v.)釋放、發行
In subsequent years, Marzluff and his assistants would periodically wear the same mask while walking across campus and feeding the crows.
在接下來的幾年裡，馬茲盧夫和他的助手會定期戴著相同的面具在校園裡走動並餵食烏鴉。
subsequent(adj.)隨後的assistant(n.)助理assist(v.)、assistance(n.)協助
Others would do the same while wearing a “neutral” mask of former Vice President Dick Cheney to see if there would be different reactions by the crows.
其他人則戴著前副總統迪克·錢尼的「中立」面具，看看烏鴉是否會有不同的反應。
neutral(adj.)中立的if(conj.)是否=whether
According to Marzluff, at one point, 47 of the 53 crows he encountered on campus while wearing the scary mask reacted by “scolding” him.
馬茲盧夫表示，有一段時間，他戴著恐怖面具走在校園時，遇到的53隻烏鴉中有47隻會「鳴叫警告」他。
at one point一度encounter(v.)遇到;遇見scold(v.)責罵
Observations by the research team showed that the number of crows negatively reacting to the mask peaked in 2013.
研究團隊的觀察顯示，對面具有負面反應的烏鴉數量在2013年達到高峰。
observation(n.)觀察negatively(adv.)負面地peak(v.)達到巔峰(n.)山頂、山峰、巔峰
However, by September 2023 — 17 years after the research began — not a single bird reacted.
然而，到了2023年9月，也就是研究開始的17年後，卻沒有一隻烏鴉有任何反應。
Meanwhile, those wearing the Dick Cheney mask were never met with any aggressive behavior by the crows.
同時，戴著迪克·錢尼面具的人從未遇到烏鴉的攻擊行為。
aggressive(adj.)具有攻擊性的
The study’s collected evidence shows that the original seven crows not only associated the scary mask with their original captivity but were able to teach other crows about the potential threat.
研究收集到的證據顯示，最初的七隻烏鴉不僅將恐怖面具與當時被囚禁的經歷聯想在一起，還能將這個潛在威脅的資訊傳遞給其他烏鴉。
captivity(n.)關押、囚禁associate... with... 將～與～聯想在一起=connect...with...=relate...to...potential threat潛在威脅potential client潛在客戶pose a threat to...對～構成威脅
This finding adds to crows’ known remarkable intelligence.
此項發現進一步證明了烏鴉驚人的智慧。
remarkable(adj.)非凡的、驚人的
Previous research has shown crows can use tools, count and even spread information about food sources and predators to other birds.
先前的研究顯示，烏鴉能夠使用工具、數數，甚至將食物來源和天敵的訊息傳遞給其他鳥類。
predator(n.)捕食性動物;食肉動物;天敵prey(n.)被捕食的動物;獵物fall prey to...受～所害=fall victim to...