科學家的擔憂
Climate change stems from both natural and human causes.
氣候變遷源於自然與人為因素。
stem from 源自natural disaster 天災
Although the climate tends to vary naturally over time, many scientists have been alarmed by the increasing global temperatures over the past 70 years.
儘管氣候往往會隨著時間自然有所不同，但過去70年來全球氣溫不斷上升，許多科學家為此感到擔憂。
vary(v.)有所不同、呈現差異alarm(v.)使～擔心或害怕
Natural causes have had some effects on climate.
自然因素對氣候有所影響。
effect(n.)效果、影響、作用
The Earth has gone through periods of cooler and warmer temperatures caused by changes in its orbit and rotation.
地球因為公轉與自轉的改變，經歷了氣溫較低與較高的時期。
orbit(n.)軌道rotation(n.)轉動
Other natural processes such as changes in the sun’s energy output, reflectivity of the Earth’s surface and increased volcanic activity have led to climate change.
太陽釋放能量的改變、地表反射率與頻繁的火山活動等其他自然過程也都會造成氣候改變。
reflect(v.)反射volcano(n.)火山
However, since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 1700s, human causes have become key factors driving climate change.
然而，自從1700年代工業革命興起，人為因素成了加劇氣候變遷的關鍵因素。
drive(v.)驅使、致使
The use of fossil fuels in industry and transportation has led to the increased emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, which results in global warming.
工業和交通運輸使用化石燃料，導致二氧化碳、甲烷與一氧化二氮等溫室氣體的排放量增加，進而造成全球暖化。
emission(n.)排放(量)emit(v.)排放、散發result in 導致、造成
Additionally, buildings and pavement can trap heat from the sun and increase temperatures.
此外，建築與路面蓄積太陽釋放的熱能，使得氣溫升高。
trap(v.)困住
Evidence of these human-related causes has been observed on a global scale since the 1950s.
自1950年代起，全球各地便已觀測到這些人為因素的證據。
observe(v.)觀察、觀測observation(n.)觀察observer(n.)觀察者on a large (small) scale 大(小)規模
There have been increases in droughts, heatwaves and other extreme weather conditions, such as hurricanes and typhoons.
乾旱、熱浪以及颶風與颱風等極端天氣頻繁發生。
extreme(adj.)極端的
Scientists see rising sea levels, melting glaciers, and thinning Arctic sea ice as further proof of worsening climate change.
科學家也進一步將海平面上升、冰川融化與北極海冰層變薄視為氣候變遷惡化的證據。
see sth. as 將～視為=consider sth. (to be)worsen(v.)惡化