首位獨立女性得主
Claudia Goldin, a 77-year-old Harvard economics professor, has been named the winner of the 2023 Nobel Prize in Economics for her groundbreaking “work on women’s employment and pay,” which exposes both the historical and current causes of the “gender gap.”
77歲的哈佛經濟學教授克勞蒂亞·戈丁被選為2023年諾貝爾經濟學獎得主，以表揚她在「婦女就業和薪酬」方面的開創性研究，她的研究揭示了歷史上與現今「性別差距」的原因。
groundbreaking(adj.)開創性的=pioneeringexpose(v.)揭露;揭發;揭穿壞事(或不誠實之事)=reveal=disclose
In addition to being only the third woman to win this prestigious award, Goldin is the first solo winner, meaning she does not have to share the accolade with male colleagues like the two previous female co-recipients of the award in 2009 and 2019.
戈丁不僅是第三位獲此殊榮的女性，還是首位單獨獲獎的女性，這意味著她不必像之前2009年和2019年的兩位女性共同獲獎人那樣與男性同事分享獎項。
prestigious(adj.)聲譽卓著的;享有聲望的;聲望很高的a prestigious law firm聲譽卓著的律師事務所a prestigious university聲譽卓著的大學accolade(n.)獎項、讚譽=award=prize=honormale colleagues男性同事=male counterpartsco-recipient(n.)共同獲獎人
According to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which has named the Nobel laureate in economics each year since 1969, Goldin’s research is extremely valuable because it provides “the first comprehensive account of women’s earnings and labor market participation through the centuries.”
瑞典皇家科學院自1969年以來每年都會評選諾貝爾經濟學獎得主，根據該院的說法，戈丁的研究極具價值，因為它「首次全面闡述了幾個世紀以來女性的收入和參與勞動力市場的情況」。
laureate(n.)得主、獲獎者comprehensive(adj.)全面的;詳盡的The final exam will be comprehensive of everything we’ve studied this semester.期末考將全面涵蓋我們這學期所學的全部知識
In order to do this, Goldin took on the role of “detective,” exhaustively investigating more than 200 years of United States’ archival data as the basis of her research.
為此，戈丁扮演了「偵探」的角色，費盡心力地調查了美國200多年的檔案數據，以此作為研究的基礎。
exhaustively(adv.)詳盡地;全面徹底地=in an exhaustive manner=thoroughlyThe environmental impact of the proposed road was studied exhaustively.針對擬議中的道路對環境的影響已經進行了徹底的研究archival(adj.)檔案的;文獻的archive(n.)檔案(室)
Randi Hjalmarsson, a Nobel committee member, noted that Goldin’s work is pioneering because it utilized data that historians and experts previously believed to be unavailable.
諾貝爾委員會成員蘭迪·強爾馬森指出，戈丁的研究是開創性的，因為它使用了歷史學家和專家們之前認為無法取得的數據。
pioneering(adj.)先驅性的;開創性的pioneering techniques創新技術pioneer(n.)先驅;先鋒;創始人(v.)做先鋒;當開拓者;倡導It was universities that pioneered these new industries.是大學開創了這些新興產業unavailable(adj.)(某物)得不到的;不能使用的=inaccessible=unattainable
Some of Goldin’s more striking findings illustrate changing trends in women’s employment in the US, such as the decline of women’s participation in the labor force after industrialization in the 1800s and the subsequent reversal of this trend as a result of the growing service economy in the 20th century.
戈丁一些更引人注目的發現說明了美國婦女就業趨勢的變化，比如19世紀工業化後婦女勞動參與率的下降，以及20世紀服務業的發展導致這一趨勢的逆轉。
striking(adj.)驚人的;引人注目的There are striking similarities between the two cases.兩宗案件之間有驚人的相似之處reversal(n.)逆轉;反轉
The research also shows that despite contraceptives allowing women to gain higher levels of education, “the gender pay gap remained.”
研究還顯示，儘管避孕藥讓女性獲得了更高程度的教育水準，但「性別薪酬差距仍然存在」。
contraceptive(n.)避孕藥
Moreover, Goldin found that while educational and career choices historically fueled the gender gap, the problem still persists today “largely due to the impact of having children.”
此外，戈丁還發現，雖然教育和職業選擇在歷史上助長了性別差距，但今天這個問題仍然存在，「主要是由於生兒育女的影響」。
fuel(n.)燃料(v.)增添燃料、加強;激起fossil fuels化石燃料persist(v.)持續、存留=continue to exist
Given the “vast societal implications” of this research, Hjalmarsson hailed Goldin as being extremely deserving of the Nobel Prize, believing Goldin’s research will be crucial in providing a strong foundation for policymakers all over the world who are working to address the ongoing economic inequalities women face as the result of the global gender gap.
鑑於這項研究具有「極大的社會影響力」，強爾馬森讚譽戈丁獲得諾貝爾獎實至名歸，並認為戈丁的研究將發揮關鍵作用，為世界各地、正在努力解決女性因全球性別差距所面臨到的持續經濟不平等問題的政策制定者提供堅實的基礎。
given(prep.)有鑑於=considering=in light of=in view ofhail...as... 將～譽為～be deserving of sth. 值得得到某事物policymaker(n.)政策制定者