美中科技戰升級
China is set to impose export controls on the “critical elements” of germanium and gallium beginning in August by requiring “special licenses to get them out of the country.”
中國計劃自8月起對鍺和鎵這兩種「關鍵元素」實施出口管制，要求必須有「特殊許可證才能將其運出國」。
impose (sth.) on對～施加(規定、限制)germanium(n.)鍺gallium(n.)鎵
This move is expected to have wide-ranging effects on the semiconductor industry as both elements are crucial in chip production.
這項舉措預計將對半導體行業產生廣泛影響，因為這兩種元素在晶片生產中至關重要。
semiconductor(n.)半導體crucial(adj.)至關重要的
Currently, China accounts for 60% of all germanium and 80% of all gallium in the world.
目前，中國的鍺和鎵產量分別占全球的60%和80%。
As a result, Western manufacturers rely heavily on Chinese exports for both of them.
因此，西方製造商對於這兩種元素都高度依賴中國的出口。
rely on … (for sth.)仰賴什麼(以獲得～)
Consequently, the new export restrictions will likely be problematic as both germanium and gallium are not easily replaceable in the production of semiconductors and other specialty tech products, including handheld devices, computers, solar panels, and medical and military equipment.
因此，新的出口限制很可能會造成麻煩，因為在半導體和其他特殊科技產品的生產中，鍺和鎵都不容易被替代，前述科技產品包括手持裝置、電腦、太陽能面板、以及醫療和軍事設備。
consequently(adv.)因此(=高級的 therefore)consequent(adj.)結果的consequence(n.)結果、後果problematic(adj.)有問題的、困難的specialty(n.)(adj.)特殊的、特色的
China’s announcement of the new trade restrictions comes after the US “curtailed exports of high-end microchips and technology to China” as part of its 2022 CHIPS and Science Act.
美國根據2022年晶片和科學法案「削減了對中國的高端微晶片和技術的出口」之後，中國隨即祭出新的貿易限制。
curtail(v.)限制、制止curtail spending減少開銷microchip(n.)微晶片micro-(pref.)微
Additionally, Japan and the Netherlands have followed suit, limiting exports of chip-related technologies to China as a means to undermine its computing and defense capabilities.
此外，日本和荷蘭也紛紛跟進，限制對中國出口晶片相關技術，以削弱其計算和防禦能力。
follow suit 跟進、效法undermine(v.)損害、瓦解
Therefore, Beijing’s tightening of export controls on raw materials has been seen as retaliation, which will further escalate the US-China tech war.
因此，北京對原料出口控制的收緊被視為一種報復行為，並將進一步加劇美中科技戰。
retaliation(n.)報復、反擊retaliate(v.)反擊
Although it is not yet known how strict China’s curbs will be, there is speculation that they will likely “lead to higher prices for gallium and germanium, as well as longer delivery times.”
雖然目前尚不清楚中國的限制措施將有多嚴格，但有人猜測，中國的限制措施很可能「導致鎵和鍺的價格上升及交貨時間延長」。
curb(v.)(n.)限制、制止; 路緣石curbside pickup路邊取餐、路邊取貨speculation(n.)猜測
In the meantime, Western manufacturers might need to find ways to bypass these controls or locate alternative sources of these critical elements.
同時，西方製造商可能需要想方設法繞過這些限制，或另尋門路取得這些關鍵元素。
bypass(v.)繞過、避開
With each of these possible outcomes potentially increasing the costs of germanium and gallium, end consumers may ultimately be the ones footing the bill for China’s new export restrictions.
由於這些可能結果都可能增加鍺和鎵的價格成本，中國的新出口限制所產生的代價，恐怕最後將由終端消費者買單。
outcome(n.)結果foot the bill買單、付錢