釀造成本與稀有性
Many people believe that the age of wine is what separates cheap wines from expensive ones.
許多人認為葡萄酒的年份是便宜和昂貴葡萄酒的差別所在。
separate A from B 區分A與B；使A與B分離
However, there are actually four main factors that determine the price of a wine: the quality of the grapes, the winemaking process, the availability of the wine and the production costs.
然而，事實上有四項主要因素決定了葡萄酒的價格：葡萄的品質、釀造過程、稀有性和生產成本。
factor (n.)因素key factor 關鍵因素risk factor 風險因素quality (n.)品質quantity (n.)數量available (adj.)可以獲得的、可買到的
The quality of the grapes used to make wine is the top factor that affects the price.
釀酒使用的葡萄品質是影響價格的主要因素。
affect (v.)影響=have an effect on
In addition to the fruit being healthy, delicious and having high tannin levels, the vintage, or the year the grapes were harvested, greatly impacts the price.
除了要長得健康、美味、且含有高單寧之外，釀造年份，也就是葡萄採收的年份，也會大大影響價格。
in addition to+N(V-ing) 除了……之外harvest (v.)收割、收穫
Most expensive wines come from a single vintage, which is displayed on the bottle’s label, while cheaper wines are made from a mix of vintages.
大部分昂貴的葡萄酒都是由同年份的葡萄釀製的，會標示在酒瓶的標籤上，而較廉價的葡萄酒則是由不同年份的葡萄釀製的。
display (v.)顯示
Once the grapes are picked, the winemaking process as well as how the wine is aged also affect the price that consumers pay for the wine.
葡萄一旦採收後，釀酒過程和酒是如何發酵也會影響消費者付的葡萄酒價格。
once (conj.)一旦……就……age (v.)（酒或起司的）成熟、發酵
Economic factors also play a role in determining a wine’s price.
經濟因素也在決定葡萄酒的價格中扮演角色。
economic (adj.)經濟上的、經濟學的economic crisis 經濟危機economic recession 經濟衰退economy (n.)經濟economics (n.)經濟學
With known, quality brands, high demand can affect the price regardless of availability.
就知名且品質好的品牌來說，高需求量會影響價格，而非稀有性。
quality (adj.)優質的、高級的a quality product 優質的產品regardless of 不管……；不論……
However, scarcity can cause wines to be more expensive, which follows the basic laws of supply and demand.
然而，稀有性可使葡萄酒變得更昂貴，符合基本的供需法則。
scarcity (n.)短缺、不足law (n.)法則、定律the laws of physics 物理定律Murphy’s law 莫非定律
Production costs also affect the price of wine, with mass-produced wines being cheaper than those using skilled labor and smaller-scale production.
釀造成本也會影響葡萄酒的價格，大量生產的葡萄酒比雇用釀酒師釀製並少量生產的葡萄酒來得便宜。
skilled (adj.)需要特殊技能的、需要專門訓練的