資本主義
Capitalism is an economic system in which the production of goods and services is based on supply and demand in the market, rather than through governmental planning.
資本主義是一種經濟制度，指的是商品生產與服務會根據市場供需而定，而不是透過政府的規劃。
economic(adj.)經濟相關的be based on...=以...為基礎supply(n.)供給demand(n.)需求rather than...=而不是...governmental(adj.)跟政府相關的
In this system, private individuals or businesses own capital goods.
在這個制度下，個人與私人企業皆可擁有資本財。
private(adj.)私人的;私有的;秘密的Users are warned against logging into their private accounts on public computers.capital(n.)資本We hope that you will consider helping us with the startup capital.
Voluntary trade drives activity in a capitalist system.
自願交易驅動資本市場的經濟活動。
voluntary(adj.)自願的trade(n.)貿易;交易
The owners of resources compete over consumers who then compete with other consumers over goods and services.
資源的擁有者會彼此競爭，而消費者也會競相獲得商品與服務。
compete(v.)競爭
The price system takes into account all this activity, balancing supply and demand to coordinate the distribution of resources.
價格機制決定了這些經濟活動，平衡供給與需求，協調資源的分配。
take into account=列入考量I will take your advice into account.balance(v.)(使)平衡distribution(n.)分配;分銷;分發
A capitalist earns the most profit by using resources most efficiently while producing the highest-value good or service.
資本家透過有效利用資源製造高價值的商品與服務，以此賺取利潤。
profit(n.)利潤efficiently(adv.)有效率地
Profits indicate that less valuable inputs have been transformed into more valuable outputs.
利潤指的是低價值的成本投入轉變成高價值的產出。
valuable(adj.)有價值的;重要的;有用的Employees are the most valuable asset a company has.input(n.)(v.)投入;輸入output(n.)產出We need your input on this project.transform A into B=將A轉變成BThe old winery has been transformed into a gallery.
By contrast, the capitalist suffers losses when resources are not used efficiently and create less valuable outputs.
相反的，當資源沒有得到有效利用，就會創造低價值的產出，資本家將因此蒙受虧損。
by contrast=相比之下;反之loss(n.)虧損;損失
In its purest form, capitalism allows private individuals to act without restraint from the government.
在資本主義最純粹的形式中，個人可以不受政府管制，
pure(adj.)純的;十足的act(v.)行動restraint(n.)限制;管制;遏制The prisoner has been kept under restraint.
This is referred to as a free market, or laissez-faire capitalism.
這就是所謂的自由市場，或稱自由放任主義。
However, most countries today practice a mixed capitalist system involving some degree of government regulation.
然而，現今多數國家實施混合式資本主義制度，這類制度某種程度上有了政府管制的介入。
practice(v.)實施;實行mixed(adj.)混合的regulation(n.)規定;法規