黃金標記
Scientists have recently suggested that Lake Crawford be named as the “golden spike” of a new geological period.
科學家最近提出建議，將克勞福德湖選為新地質時期的「黃金標記」。
be named as 被選為～be coined as被首次命名為golden days黃金歲月Those were the golden days. 當年可真風光。spike(n.)刺，突增geological(adj.)地理的、地理學的geology(n.)地理學
This would make the Canadian lake the official location containing proof of the new Anthropocene epoch – the first era in which Earth is being greatly changed by humans.
這將使這座加拿大湖泊正式成為擁有新人類世證據的地點──證明了地球首次被人類大幅影響的地質年代。
contain(v.)含有;控制住contain damage 控制損傷、限制損傷contain the fallout控制不良後果proof(n.)證據prove(v.)證明burden of proof舉證責任Anthropocene Epoch人類世、人新世epoch(n.)時代、紀元;幾十萬到幾百萬年的時間區間era(n.)時代、地質年代;幾千萬到幾億年的時間區間]
Lake Crawford was chosen because materials from the air, including pollution, collect at the bottom of the lake in layers of sediment.
克勞福德湖之所以被選中，是因為空氣中的物質，包括污染物，在湖底以沉積物的形式積累。
pollution(n.)汙染、汙染物pollute(v.)汙染air pollution 空氣汙染collect(v.)沉積(非及物)sediment(n.)沉積物sedentary(adj.)靜態的sedentary lifestyle靜態生活、坐式生活
These are clearly separated by layers of white that form each summer from calcium carbonate being warmed in the lake’s waters.
這些沉積物與夏季湖水中的碳酸鈣所形成的白色層明確地隔開。
calcium(n.)鈣carbonate(adj.)碳酸的carbonic acid碳酸carbon(n.)碳carbohydrates(n.)碳水化合物
Therefore, each year of human caused environmental change has been recorded in the sediment under the lake.
因此，每一年人類造成的環境變化都被記錄在湖泊底下的沉積物中。
This has allowed scientists to investigate two major periods of change: one from the 13th to 15th century and the other during the 19th century.
這使得科學家得以研究兩個主要的變化時期：一個是從13世紀到15世紀，另一個是19世紀。
allow sb. to VR 允許（某人）去做某事investigate(v.)調查century(n.)世紀、一百年millennium(n.)一千年(複數 millennia)
The more recent of these contains signs of both fossil fuel usage and nuclear bomb testing, both of which are human actions that have changed the Earth.
而較近期的變化時期則含有化石燃料的使用和核彈測試的跡象，這兩者都是改變地球的人類活動。
contain signs of…含有…的蹤跡fossil(n.)化石的natural gas天然氣oil(n.)油;石油coal(n.)煤炭nuclear(adj.)核能的atomic bomb原子彈nuclear bomb核子彈hydrogen bomb氫彈
If approved by several scientific organizations, researchers’ findings at Lake Crawford would end the current Holocene epoch which began 11,700 years ago.
如果能得到幾個科學組織的認可，研究人員在克勞福德湖的發現將結束持續了11,700年的全新世。
holocene epoch全新世holography(n.)全像攝影
Scientists would then need to work together to choose an exact start date for the new Anthropocene epoch.
然後，科學家們將需要共同決定新人類世的確切開始日期。
work together合作、共同～