一天二十分鐘
Research has shown that regular fast walks can help to delay dementia.
研究指出，時常快走可以延緩失智症。
regular(adj.)規律的delay(v.)推遲、延遲dementia(n.)癡呆症
By fast-walking for 20 minutes a day, elderly people can experience a marked improvement in their cognitive skills.
老人家一天只要快走二十分鐘，他們的認知能力就會有顯著的進步。
elderly(n., adj.)年邁、老人marked(adj.)顯著的=obvious, noticeablecognitive(adj.)認知的、cognitive psychology認知心理學
It is commonly recognized that regular exercise can improve muscular strength and endurance.
原先大家普遍認為規律的運動可以增強肌耐力，
commonly(adv.)普遍地、common(adj.)endurance(n.)耐久力、endure(v.)
Researchers have taken that further and examined the effects of regular exercise on the brain.
研究人員更進一步檢視規律運動對大腦活動的影響，
take something further更進一步examine(v.)檢查、examination(n.)
Studies conducted on people aged 60–80 have revealed that taking a brisk walk three times weekly improved the subjects’ memory and ability to plan.
他們發現年齡介於60到80歲之間的長者，每周快走三次可以增進記憶力及規劃力。
conduct(v.)執行=execute、conduct survey做調查、conduct experiment做實驗reveal(v.)揭露subject(n.)受試者、testing subjects
Research findings suggest improved cognitive skills are related to a 2 to 3 percent size increase in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
研究顯示認知能力的進步和前額葉皮質以及海馬迴百分之二到三的增長有關，
related to有關聯prefrontal cortex(n.)前額葉皮質hippocampus(n.)海馬迴
The amount may seem small, but it’s like turning back the age clock by one or two years, according to Kirk Erickson, a neuroscientist at the University of Pittsburgh.
儘管增長量似乎相當小，但效果就像把年齡往回調一到兩年一樣，根據匹茲堡大學神經科學家柯克．埃力克森表示。
amount(n.)數量neuro-神經的、neuron神經元、neurology神經學、neuroscientist神經科學家
The 100-plus subjects were divided into two groups.
他們將超過100人的受試者分成兩群。
divided into分成
Half of them fast-walked for 30 to 45 minutes a day, whereas the rest spent a similar amount of time on stretching exercises.
一半的人每天快走30到45分鐘；而另一組則用同樣的時間來進行伸展運動。
whereas(conj.)然而、但、卻、however(adv.)spend time on花時間在什麼上
Both groups showed minor increases in the size of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, but the fast-walkers displayed better results.
兩組受試者的前額葉皮質以及海馬迴都有些微的增長，但是快走的受試者卻有更好的結果。
minor(adj.)微小的increase(v.)增加、decrease(v.)減少、display(v., n.)展示、on display
Erickson added that if these regions of the brain shrink, people might develop Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia.
埃力克森更說如果這些相關的腦部萎縮了，極可能會導致有如阿茲海默症等失智症發生。
shrink(v.)縮小、shrink, shrank, shrunkdevelop(v.)發展