誰是高風險族群？
Taiwanese TV host William Shen was recently diagnosed with blood cancer, also called leukemia.
台灣電視主持人沈玉琳近日確診血癌，又稱白血病。
host(n.)主持人(v.)主持、舉辦be diagnosed with…被診斷出～misdiagnose(v.)誤診
This disease happens when the bone marrow makes too many abnormal white blood cells. These cells crowd out healthy blood cells and cause problems like infection and bleeding.
血癌是發生在骨髓的疾病，當骨髓製造出過多異常的白血球時，會排擠健康的血球，導致免疫力下降，增加感染與出血的風險。
bone marrow骨髓abnormal(adj.)異常的crowd out擠壓、排擠infect(v.)感染infect sb. with sth.使某人感染某疾病
There are four main types of leukemia: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
白血病主要分為四類：急性淋巴性白血病（ALL）、急性骨髓性白血病（AML）、慢性淋巴性白血病（CLL）與慢性骨髓性白血病（CML）。
The symptoms of leukemia include pale skin, tiredness, fever, easy bruising or bleeding, and bone pain.
血癌的常見症狀包括臉色蒼白、容易疲倦、發燒、容易瘀青或出血，以及骨頭疼痛。
symptom(n.)症狀sign(n.)徵兆
Sometimes, especially in chronic leukemia, symptoms are mild or do not appear at first.
有些慢性白血病的早期症狀不明顯，甚至毫無感覺。
chronic(adj.)慢性的chronic disease慢性病mild(adj.)溫和的、不濃的severe(adj.)嚴重的=serious
This means people may only find out they have the disease after a health check.
這意味著患者往往是在健檢時才被發現。
health check健康檢查
The exact causes of leukemia are not clear, but some risk factors are known.
雖然醫界仍未完全釐清病因，但有一些已知的風險因子。
exact(adj.)確切的／exactly(adv.)確切地、恰好地accurate(adj.)正確的risk factors風險因子
These include genetic conditions like Down syndrome, exposure to radiation or chemicals, viral infections, and a family history of leukemia.
這些因子包括唐氏症等基因異常、長期暴露在輻射或化學物質下、病毒感染，以及家族病史。
genetic(adj.)基因的exposure to…暴露於～expose(v.)使暴露／exposed(adj.)暴露的contact with…跟～有接觸
Treatment depends on the leukemia type and how serious it is. Common treatments include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation, and stem cell transplants.
治療方式會視血癌類型與病情嚴重度而定，常見療法包含化學治療、標靶治療、放射線治療與造血幹細胞移植。
treatment(n.)治療、治療方式depend on視～而定、取決於～chemotherapy(n.)化療transplant(n.)移植
Survival rates vary: some types can be cured in 60 to 70 percent of cases, especially in children.
存活率因類型而異，其中部分類型，特別是孩童的治癒率可達六至七成。
vary(v.)有不同、有變化differ(v.)改變alter(v.)改變survival(n.)存活／survive(v.)生存
Doctors remind people to follow the “421” rule: watch for 4 main symptoms — pale skin and fatigue, fever, bruising or bleeding, and bone pain; do 2 important tests (blood and bone marrow); and see 1 blood specialist quickly if needed.
醫師提醒民眾牢記「421」口訣：注意四大症狀（臉色蒼白疲倦、發燒、瘀青出血、骨頭疼痛）、做兩項檢查（血液與骨髓），並立即就診一位血液科醫師。
fatigue(n.)疲憊
Early diagnosis and treatment can save lives.
及早發現、及早治療，才能爭取最佳康復機會。
diagnosis(n.)診斷