貝爾福宣言
The terrorist attack on Israel by the Palestinian organization Hamas on October 7 was a terrible event that left many people dead and led to war between the two sides.
巴勒斯坦組織哈馬斯於10月7日對以色列發動的恐怖攻擊是一起可怕的事件，造成許多人死亡，並導致雙方爆發戰爭。
terrorist(n.)恐怖份子，terrorism(n.)恐怖主義horrible(adj.)恐怖的leave(v.)使處於某狀態claim(v.)奪取性命lead up to(phr.)導致⋯
Unfortunately, this violence between Jews, who make up 73.5% of Israel’s population, and Palestinians has had a long history.
不幸的是，佔以色列人口73.5%的猶太人和巴勒斯坦人之間的暴力衝突由來已久。
violence(n.)暴力make up=constitute(v.)構成，make up(phr.)編造故事、謊言date back to+時間=追溯至⋯
Although some say that there have been problems for hundreds of years, the conflict became more serious in the late 1800s.
雖然有人說問題已存在了數百年，但以巴衝突在19世紀末變得更加嚴重。
argue that+子句=認為⋯last(v.)持續severe(adj.)嚴重的worsen, deteriorate(v.)惡化
This is when Jews from Europe, called Zionists, started moving to Palestine to create a Jewish homeland.
當時，來自歐洲的猶太人，被稱為猶太復國主義者，開始遷往巴勒斯坦，以建立猶太人的祖國。
found(v.)創建
In 1917, the British government announced its support of this “national home for the Jewish people” with the Balfour Declaration.
1917年，英國政府通過「貝爾福宣言」，宣布支持這個「猶太人的民族家園」。
declaration(n.)宣言，declare(v.)宣布
However, at that time, Palestinians still made up 90% of the country’s population and had most of the land.
然而，當時，巴勒斯坦人仍佔該國人口的90%，並擁有大部分土地。
On May 14, 1948, the nation of Israel was created as a Jewish homeland that took up 78% of the land in Palestine.
1948年5月14日，以色列建國，成為猶太人的故鄉，佔據巴勒斯坦78%的土地。
take up(phr.)佔據空間(時間)
The other 22% was divided into the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, which are areas where many of the country’s Palestinians have been forced to live.
其餘的22%被劃分為加薩走廊和約旦河西岸，這兩個地區是許多巴勒斯坦人被迫居住的地方。
divide sth. into sth.(phr.)將⋯分為⋯bank(n.)河岸force sb. to do sth.(phr.)強迫某人做某事情compel(v.)強迫，feel compelled to do sth.覺得必須做某事
Since then, Palestinians have been trying to return to their homeland, while Israelis have been trying to protect theirs; the problem is that both groups have the same homeland.
從那時起，巴勒斯坦人一直試圖返回他們的故鄉，而以色列人則一直試圖保護他們的土地；問題在於這兩個群體都有同樣的故鄉。
while=whereas(conj.)而protect(v.)保護root cause根本原因
And after the recent Hamas attack, this Israel-Palestine conflict is now worse than ever.
而在最近哈瑪斯發動攻擊之後，這場以巴衝突現在比過去任何時候都更加嚴重。