新帝國主義
Throughout its history, Africa has been colonized by many outsiders, going all the way back to the Ancient Greeks and Romans.
非洲自有史以來就曾被許多外國勢力殖民，最早可回溯自古希臘和古羅馬時期。
However, when we think of Africa’s colonial history, we often think about the Scramble for Africa, which was the invasion and colonization of most of Africa by seven Western European powers.
然而，當我們思考非洲的殖民史時，我們常想到瓜分非洲，也就是西歐七列強侵略和殖民非洲大部分地區的事件。
scramble (v.) 攀爬,攀登,快速移動, 炒(蛋),爭奪,搶奪invasion (n.)侵略,入侵；invade (v.) 侵略,入侵
This took place between the years 1881 and 1914, during a brief period known as New Imperialism.
這個事件發生在1881年到1914年、一段名為新帝國主義的短暫期間。
take place 發生,舉行imperialism (n.)帝國主義
In 1870, only around 10% of Africa was under formal European control.
在1870年，只有大約10％的非洲地區受到歐洲正式的統治。
By 1914, that percentage increased to almost 90 percent, and only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent.
到了1914年，這個數字卻增加到將近90％，只有衣索比亞和賴比瑞亞維持獨立。
independent (adj.)獨立的；independence (n.)獨立；Declaration of Independence 獨立宣言
A couple of decades later, in 1936, Ethiopia was invaded and occupied by Italy until 1941.
20年後，於1936年，衣索比亞被義大利侵略並佔領至1941年。
occupy (v.) (軍事上的)佔領或佔據, 佔用(時間或空間)
The beginning of the Scramble for Africa is marked by the Berlin Conference of 1884, which aimed to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa.
瓜分非洲事件起於1884年的柏林會議，其目的是要管理歐洲國家在非洲的殖民及貿易。
colonization (n.)殖民
Despite there being many political rivalries among the European nations at the time, they were able to divide up Africa between themselves without wars.
儘管那個時候歐洲各國間有許多政治角力，卻能在不開戰的情況下瓜分非洲。
rivalry (n.) 競爭,對抗
Near the end of the 19th century, the European’s military influence and economic dominance over Africa transitioned into direct rule.
到了19世紀末期，歐洲對非洲的軍事影響和經濟支配轉變為直接統治。
military (adj.)軍事的, 軍用的transition (v.)轉變,過渡